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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.43.2007.tde-01042008-105854
Document
Author
Full name
Tiago de Paula Peixoto
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2007
Supervisor
Committee
Prado, Carmen Pimentel Cintra do (President)
Alfonso, Nestor Felipe Caticha
Fontanari, Jose Fernando
Martins, Jorge Simões de Sá
Vasconcelos, Giovani Lopes
Title in Portuguese
Criticalidade auto-organizada no modelo Olami-Feder-Christensen de terremotos: dinâmica dos epicentros
Keywords in Portuguese
Epicentros
Terremotos
Abstract in Portuguese
Nesse trabalho será estudada a dinâmica de epicentros do modelo Olami-Feder- Christensen (OFC). Para isso, serão usados conceitos e ferramentas de redes complexas. Será analisado, em particular, o grafo de epicentros consecutivos do modelo, onde dois eventos subseqüentes são representados por uma aresta direcionada, cuja origem e vértice incidido representam os respectivos sítios no reticulado. A topologia desse grafo, que possui invariância de escala e correlação entre os graus, revela uma dinâmica característica, com atratores temporários, e quase-periodicidade. Essa dinâmica é comparada com a de terremotos reais, e as limitações do modelo são avaliadas. Em particular, foi constatado que a dinâmica governada por atratores temporários se encontra presente em terremotos reais, porém difere em pontos centrais da observada no modelo OFC. Além da análise da dinâmica dos epicentros, será feito um estudo sistemático de dois comportamentos não-triviais do modelo, o que foi necessário para a análise da dinâmica de epicentros: A identificação e caracterização de um "efeito de borda" no modelo, e uma separação de escalas de eventos de diferentes tamanhos, que considera tambémas suas distribuições espaciais. Esses resultados têm uma relevância importante o estudo do modelo de modo geral. Em particular, será retomada a análise da criticalidade do modelo, à luz desses critérios.
Title in English
Dynamics of the epicenters of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of earthquakes (OFC), using the concepts and tools of complex networks.
Keywords in English
Earthquakes
Epicenters
Statistical mechanichs
Abstract in English
We study the dynamics of the epicenters of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of earthquakes (OFC), using the concepts and tools of complex networks. In particular, we study the graph of consecutive epicenters, where two subsequent events represent a directed edge, and the source and target vertices represent the respective sites on the lattice. The topology of this graph, which exhibits scale-invariance and strong degree correlation, reveals a characteristic dynamics of temporary attractors and quasi-periodicity. This dynamics is compared to that of real seismicity, and the limitations of the model are assessed. The temporary attractor dynamics is also found in real earthquakes, however it differs from the one observed in the model in key points, which will be described in detail. Besides the analysis of the dynamics of the dynamics of epicenters, we systematically study two non-trivial behaviours of the OFC model, which was necessary for the study of the epicenters: The identification and characterization of a "border effect" in the model, and the separation of scales in the size of events, which takes into account their spatial distribution. These results have an important relevance to the study of the OFC model in general. In particular, we will revisit the analysis of the criticality of the model, which takes into account these criteria.
 
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1640437.pdf (22.71 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2008-04-09
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • PEIXOTO, T. P., and PRADO, C. P. C. Distribution of epicenters in the Olami-Feder-Christensen Model. Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, 2004, vol. 69, nº 2, p. 25101-25104.
  • PEIXOTO, T. P., and PRADO, C. P. C. Network of epicenters of the Olami-Feder-Christensen model of earthquakes. Physical Review E - Statistical Physics, Plasmas, Fluids and Related Interdisciplinary Topics, 2006, vol. 74, p. 016126.
  • PEIXOTO, T. P., e PRADO, C. P. C. Statistics of epicenters in the Olami-Feder-Christensen model in two and three dimensions. Physica. A, 2004, vol. 342, p. 171-177.
  • PRADO, C. P. C., and PEIXOTO, T. P. Complex Networks and Earthquakes: a New Approach. In Stochasticity and Nonlinearity on three Continents, Santa Fé, 2005. Palestra Convidada (livro de Resumos e Internet)., 2005. Abstract.
  • PRADO, C. P. C., and PEIXOTO, T. P. Scale Free Networks and the Dynamics of Earthquakes. In Workshop on Transport and Self-organization in Complex Systems (TSOCS), Porto Alegre, 2004. Palestra Convidada (livro de Resumos e Internet)., 2004. Abstract.
  • PRADO, C. P. C., PEIXOTO, T. P., and de CARVALHO, J. X. Criticality in the Olami-Feder-Christensen Model: Transients and Epicenters. In VIII Latin American Workshop on Nonlinear Phenomena, Salvador, BA, 2003. Palestra Convidada., 2003. Abstract.
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