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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2017.tde-27102017-113307
Document
Author
Full name
Priscila Thihara Rodrigues
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano (President)
Bargieri, Daniel Youssef
Meyer, Diogo
Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins
Title in Portuguese
Origem e rotas de introdução de Plasmodium vivax e Plasmodium falciparum nas Américas.
Keywords in Portuguese
Genoma
Malária
Mitocondrial
Plasmodium
Abstract in Portuguese
A origem geográfica e rotas de dispersão dos dois mais importantes parasitas da malária humana, Plasmodium falciparum e P. vivax, continuam controversos. Para entender a história evolutiva destes parasitos propomos neste projeto inferir as vias e as datas de introdução de P. vivax e P. falciparum nas Américas, com base na análise do genoma mitocondrial completo de parasitos coletados em todas as regiões endêmicas, além de analisar a existência da relação genética entre os isolados de P. vivax e P. simium e inferir a possível transmissão lateral. O alinhamento de 941 sequências de P. vivax e 1795 de P. falciparum permitiram agrupar os isolados em quatro regiões distintas. As rotas migratórias de P. vivax sugere que o continente americano foi colonizado em diferentes momentos e por parasitos de diferentes regiões África, Sul da Ásia e Melanésia, explicando a alta diversidade genética existente neste continente, enquanto que P. falciparum foi introduzido nas Américas por duas regiões distintas, África e Sudeste Ásiático. Já os 10 isolados de P. simium sequenciado neste estudo apresentaram uma menor diversidade genética quando comparado com os isolados de P. vivax, sugerindo que a direção da transmissão lateral foi de humanos para macacos.
Title in English
Origin and date of introduction of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in the Americas.
Keywords in English
Genome
Malaria
Mitochondrial
Plasmodium
Abstract in English
The geographical origin and dispersal routes of the two most important human malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparumand P. vivax, remain controversial. In order to understand the evolutionary history of these parasites this project aims to infer the routes and dates of introduction of P. vivax and P. falciparum in the Americas. Analysis were based on complete mitochondrial genomes of parasites collected in all endemic regions, and we explored the existence of a genetic relationship between P. vivax and P. simium isolates to infer a possible lateral transmission route. The alignment of 941 sequences of P. vivax and 1795 of P. falciparum made it possible to group the isolates into four distinct regions. The migratory routes of P. vivax suggest that the American continent was colonized at different times by parasites from different regions - Africa, South Asia and Melanesia, explaining the high genetic diversity present in this continent, while P. falciparum was introduced in the Americas from two distinct regions, Africa and Southeast Asia. The 10 P. simium isolates sequenced in this study had a lower genetic diversity when compared to P. vivax isolates, suggesting that the direction of lateral transmission was from humans to monkeys.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-10-27
 
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