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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2017.tde-18012017-143556
Document
Author
Full name
Carla Monadeli Filgueira Rodrigues
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes (President)
Dias, José Luiz Catão
Machado, Rosangela Zacarias
Madeira, Alda Maria Backx Noronha
Marinho, Claudio Romero Farias
Title in Portuguese
Tripanossomas de ungulados no Brasil e na África: novas abordagens em estudos epidemiológicos de genótipos, vetores e reservatórios, e patologia de isolados Brasileiros.
Keywords in Portuguese
Diversidade genética
Filogenia
Moscas tsé-tsé
Reservatórios
Transmissão transplacentária
Tripanossomas africanos
Abstract in Portuguese
Os tripanosomas são parasitas hemoflagelados com importância médica para humanos e animais domésticos. Surtos de infecções agudas graves por T.vivax têm sido relatados em todo Brasil onde perdas econômicas e falhas reprodutivas são observadas. Neste trabalho, uma infecção experimental por T. vivax em ovinos confirmou sua transmissão transplacentária. Em relação à epidemiologia de T. vivax, para entender o papel dos jumentos em surtos no Semiárido Brasileiro, foram realizados ensaios parasitológicos e moleculares em infecções naturais e experimentais. Nossos resultados mostraram animais assintomáticos, portanto, podem atuar como potenciais reservatórios. Além disso, estudos filogenéticos revelaram uma diversidade genética inesperada em tripanossomas no Leste da África, especialmente em moscas tsé-tsé. Novos genótipos de T. vivax foram caracterizados e tripanossomas do subgênero Nanomonnas se mostraram prevalentes nestas infecções. Nesta abordagem, conseguimos identificar T. suis e novas espécies do subgênero Pycnomonas presentes em animais selvagens e domésticos.
Title in English
Trypanosomes of ungulates in Brazil and Africa: new approaches in epidemiological studies of genotypes, vectors and reservoirs, and pathology of Brazilian isolates.
Keywords in English
African tripanosomes
Genetic diversity
Phylogeny
Reservoirs
Transplacental transmission
Tsetse fly
Abstract in English
Trypanosomes are hemoflagellates parasites with medical importance to humans and domestic animals. Outbreaks of severe acute infections by T. vivax have been reported throughout Brazil, where economic loss and reproductive failure are observed. In this study, an experimental infection by T. vivax in sheep confirmed the transplacental transmission of this parasite. Regarding T. vivax epidemiology, to understand the role played by donkeys in outbreaks in the Brazilian Semiarid, we performed parasitological and molecular assays in naturally and experimentally infections. Our findings show that infected donkeys are asymptomatic and, thus, are potential reservoirs. In addition, phylogenetic studies have revealed an unexpected genetic diversity in East Africa, especially in tsetse flies. New genotypes of T. vivax were characterized and trypanosomes of the subgenus Nanomonnas were prevalent in these infections. In this approach, we can identify T. suis and new species of the subgenus Pycnomonas present in wild and domestic animals.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-01-18
 
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