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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2008.tde-04122008-112728
Document
Author
Full name
Mônica da Silva Nunes
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano (President)
Katzin, Alejandro Miguel
Natal, Delsio
Ribolla, Paulo Eduardo Martins
Werneck, Guilherme Loureiro
Title in Portuguese
Fatores de risco, distribuição espacial e perspectivas de controle da malária: estudo longitudinal em uma comunidade rural da Amazônia (Granada, Acre).
Keywords in Portuguese
Amazônia
Assentamento rural
Distribuição espacial
Fatores de risco
Malária
Pv MSP-1
Abstract in Portuguese
Apresenta-se os resultados de estudo de coorte em um assentamento rural no Acre, Brasil, onde 509 indivíduos contribuíram com 489,7 pessoas-ano de seguimento. A incidência de malária por Plasmodium vivax e Plasmodium falciparum foi de 30,0/100 e 16,3/100 pessoas-ano, respectivamente. A morbidade por malária se associou fortemente ao desmatamento e agropecuária e diminuiu após 5 anos de residência no local; além disso ocorreram conglomerados espaciais significantes de casos de malária vivax e falciparum em áreas de ocupação recente. Não houve associação entre alótipos do receptor FcgRIIa, promotor Duffy ou anticorpos contra a PvMSP-1, e malária no seguimento. As respostas humorais e celulares foram mais freqüentes contra as porções C- e N-terminal da PvMSP-1 respectivamente, porém sem relação com as variantes de PvMSP-1 infectantes. O espectro clínico dos episódios de malária foi variado; enquanto cefaléia, febre e mialgia foram sintomas freqüentes, 29,4% dos episódios eram assintomáticos. Os resultados mostram que a aquisição de imunidade clínica é adquirida em áreas de baixa transmissão e que mudanças ambientais causadas nos assentamentos rurais perpetuam a transmissão de malária. Estes achados são de extrema importância para o controle da malária na Amazônia.
Title in English
Risk factors, spatial distribution and perspectives for malaria control: a longitudinal study in a rural community in the Amazon (Granada, Acre).
Keywords in English
Malaria
Pv MSP-1
Risk factors
Rural setllement
Spatial distribution
The Amazon
Abstract in English
Here a cohort study in a frontier settlement in Acre, Brazil, where 509 subjects contributed 489.7 person-years of follow-up, is described. Incidence rates for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria were 30.0/100 and 16.3/100 person-years at risk, respectively. Malaria morbidity was strongly associated with land clearing and farming, and decreased after 5 years of local residence. Besides, there was significant spatial clustering of vivax and falciparum malaria in areas of recent occupation. No significant association was found between FcgRIIa allotype, Duffy promoter type or presence of antibodies against PvMSP-1 and malaria in the follow-up. Humoral and cellular responses were more common against the C- and N-terminal portions of PvMSP-1 respectively, but did not match the PvMSP-1 variants found in infecting parasites. The clinical spectrum of malaria episodes varied widely; while headache, fever and myalgia were the most frequent symptoms, 29.4% of the episodes were asymptomatic. The results show that clinical immunity is acquired under low malaria transmission and environmental changes occurring in the settlements perpetuate malaria transmission. These findings are of utmost importance for malaria control in the Amazon.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-05-13
 
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