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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2009.tde-29012010-105745
Document
Author
Full name
Camila Malta Romano
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Zanotto, Paolo Marinho de Andrade (President)
Casseb, Jorge Simão do Rosário
Harsi, Charlotte Marianna
Matioli, Sergio Russo
Meyer, Diogo
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização e dinâmica evolutiva de retrovírus endógenos da família K (ERV-K) em genomas de primatas.
Keywords in Portuguese
Evolução Molecular
Filogenia
Primatas
Retroviridae
Abstract in Portuguese
Retrovírus endógenos (ERVs) são vírus que infectaram células germinativas e proliferaram no genoma do hospedeiro. A família K está integrada apenas no genoma de primatas do Velho Mundo. Os ERVs promovem alterações estruturais nos genomas hospedeiros, sendo fundamentais para a sua evolução. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma investigação da distribuição e dinâmica evolutiva de ERV-K nos diferentes hospedeiros. Foram identificados 58 ERV-K em humanos, 38 em chimpanzés, 35 em orangotangos e 19 em macaco rhesus. Análises filogenéticas evidenciaram dois grupos principais, Grupo O/N, que compreende os provirus mais antigos e os mais recentes, e Grupo I, com provirus com tempo de integração intermediário. A dinâmica de espalhamento de ERV-K diferiu entre os hospedeiros. A fixação e eliminação dos ERV-K é resultado de fatores demográficos e populacionais, como gargalos de garrafa e expansões sofridas ao longo da evolução. Análises de quais provírus são ativos em pacientes com HIV e com cancer demonstrou que distintos ERVs são transativados, sugerindo alguma consequencia biológica para o hospedeiro. Além disso, a atividade dos ERVs não depende exclusivamente do tempo de integração, mas sim da integridade de regiões específicas contidas na LTR.
Title in English
Characterization and evolutionary dynamics of endogenous retroviruses K (ERV-K) in primate genomes.
Keywords in English
Molecular Evolution
Phylogeny
Primates
Retroviridae
Abstract in English
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remains of ancient viral infection in the germ line cells and subsequent vertical transmission. The K family are integrated only in humans and the Old World monkeys. ERVs play a fundamental role on genome evolution and foster variability. The aim of this work was to investigate their distribution and evolutionary dynamics in primate hosts. We found 55 ERV-K genomes in the human genome, 38 in chimpanzee, 35 in orangutan and 19 in Rhesus monkey. Two main groups were recovered by phylogenetic inference, Group O/N, comprising the newest and the oldest proviruses and, Group I, enclosing those with intermediate integration time. Although the primary integration took place in the ancestral lineage of all primates investigated, their evolutionary dynamic was different among them. I propose that ERV-K dynamics depends on the host demography experienced throughout their evolution. This work also investigated the putative source of proviral transcripts detected in HIV carries and cancer patients. The differential expression found under these conditions suggested a biological role of the ERV-K overexpression. Finally, the results showed that the ERV-K overexpression depends on the integrity of specific promoters in their LTR.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-03-01
 
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