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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2013.tde-18062013-084844
Document
Author
Full name
Ednei da Assunção Antunes Coelho
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Correa, Benedito (President)
Arthur, Valter
Sabino, Myrna
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos da radiação gama e feixe de elétrons sobre amostras de castanhas-do-Brasil inoculadas artificialmente com Aspergillus flavus.
Keywords in Portuguese
Aspergillus
Aflatoxinas
Castanha
Fungos
Radiação gama
Abstract in Portuguese
Apesar da perda econômica, representada pela contaminação por fungos toxigênicos em castanhas-do-Brasil, um importante produto extrativista da região Norte do Brasil, estudos realizados ainda são incipientes quanto ao controle da contaminação por fungos aflatoxigênicos utilizando métodos como radiação gama (R.G) e, sobretudo, feixe de elétrons (F.E). Esses fatos motivaram a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama e da aplicação de feixe de elétrons em amostras de castanha-do-Brasil inoculadas artificialmente com Aspergillus flavus. Para atingir tal objetivo, foram estudadas 50 amostras de castanha-do-Brasil, previamente, inoculadas com suspensão de esporos de A. flavus e, posteriormente, incubadas a 30 ºC em ambiente com umidade relativa controlada a 93 %. Após 15 dias de incubação, as amostras foram divididas em 5 grupos que receberam as seguintes doses de radiação: controle (0 kGy), 5 e 10 kGy F.E, 5 e 10 kGy R.G. A micobiota foi realizada através de diluição seriada, com semeadura em superfície utilizando ágar batata. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com F.E utilizando a dose de 5 kGy e 10 kGy resultou na redução de crescimento de A. flavus em 74% (37/50) e 94% (47/50) das amostras. Quanto às amostras tratadas com R.G na dose de 5 kGy e 10 kGy não ocorreu crescimento fúngico em 92% (46/50) e 100% (50/50) delas. A pesquisa de aflatoxinas mostrou que doses de F.E de 5 kGy e 10 k Gy reduziram os níveis de AFB1 em 53,32% e 65,66%, respectivamente. Por sua vez, a aplicação de raios gama nas doses de 5 e 10 kGy reduziu os níveis das toxinas em 70,61% e 84,15 % respectivamente. Tal resultado pode ser atribuído a maior penetrabilidade da radiação gama. Análise sensorial demonstrou maior aceitação das amostras irradiadas com F.E e R.G na dose de 10 kGy. Concluímos que, apesar de a análise sensorial ter demonstrado perda de algumas características organolépticas, ambos os processos de radiação foram eficazes na redução da contagem de A. flavus e dos níveis de aflatoxinas.
Title in English
Effects of gamma radiation and electron beam on samples of the Brazil nuts artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus.
Keywords in English
Aspergillus
Aflatoxins
Chestnut
Fungi
Gamma radiation
Abstract in English
Despite the economic loss represented by contamination by toxigenic fungi in Brazil nuts, a major product of extractive Northern of Brazil, studies are still preliminary as the control of contamination aflatoxigenic fungal using methods such as gamma radiation (G.R) and mainly, electron beam (E.B). These facts motivated this research, which aimed to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation and application of electron beam in samples of Brazil nut artificially inoculated with Aspergillus flavus. This goal, we were studied 50 samples of the Brazil nut previously inoculated with spores of A. flavus and subsequently incubated at 30 °C in relative humidity controlled at 93%. After incubation, period of 15 days, the average water activity of the samples was 0.80, the samples were divided into 5 groups that received the following doses of radiation: control (0 kGy), 5 and 10 kGy 5 E.B and G.R. The mycobiota was performed by serial dilution, plated on surface using potato dextrose agar. The results demonstrated that treatment with E.B using a dose of 5 kGy and 10 kGy resulted in reduced growth of A. flavus in 74% (37/50) and 94% (47/50) of samples. The samples treated with G.R at the dose of 5 kGy and 10 kGy no fungal growth occurred in 92% (46/50) 100% (50/50) of. The study of aflatoxins showed that doses of E.B of 5 kGy and 10 kGy reduced levels of AFB1 at 53.32% and 65.66% respectively. The application of gamma rays at doses of 5 and 10 kGy reduced levels of toxins in 70.61% and 84.15% respectively. This result may be attributed to higher penetrability of gamma radiation. Sensory analysis showed greater acceptance of the judges for the samples irradiated with E.B and G.R at the dose of 10 kGy. We concluded that although sensory analysis have demonstrated some loss of organoleptic characteristics, both processes of radiation were effective in reducing the count of A. flavus and aflatoxin contamination.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-10-01
 
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