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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2013.tde-07102013-105600
Document
Author
Full name
Thais Cristiane Wahasugui
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Campos, Mario Julio Avila (President)
Conde, Marina Clemente
Jorge, Antonio Olavo Cardoso
Nunes, Fabio Daumas
Simionato, Maria Regina Lorenzetti
Title in Portuguese
Aderência, invasão e citotoxicidade de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolados de pacientes portadores de doença periodontal crônica e agressiva.
Keywords in Portuguese
Biofilmes
Citotoxinas
Periodontite crônica
Toxinas
Virulência
Abstract in Portuguese
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans exerce um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal crônica e agressiva. Produz fatores de virulência que o tornam capaz de colonizar e invadir os tecidos periodontais e de escapar das defesas do hospedeiro. Nesse estudo, foram determinadas as características fenotípicas e genotípicas de A. actinomycetemcomitans e a presença dos principais genes responsáveis por sua virulência. Amostras de biofilme subgengival de 65 indivíduos com doença periodontal e de 48 indivíduos sadios foram coletadas, sendo obtidos 73 isolados bacterianos. Testes de biotipagem, adesão, invasão e citotoxicidade às células orais (KB), produção de neuraminidase e biofilme, presença de cápsula e fimbrias foram avaliados, assim como, a presença dos genes flp-1 (relacionado à adesão); apaH (relacionado à invasão); promotor LTX e ltxA (produção de leucotoxina); e cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cdtABC (produção de toxina distensora). O biotipo II foi o mais predominante nos isolados de A. actinomycetemcomitans. Sessenta e seis isolados foram capazes de aderir às células KB e dentre eles, 33 foram capazes de invadir as mesmas. Quarenta e seis isolados de A. actinomycetemcomitans foram citotóxicos às células KB, produzindo alterações na morfologia celular. Neuraminidase foi produzida por 60 dos isolados analisados, com títulos de aglutinação de 2 a 8. Cinquenta e quatro isolados foram capazes de formar grande quantidade de biofilme. Todos os isolados apresentaram cápsula, porém nenhum deles apresentou fímbrias. O gene flp-1 foi detectado em 40 isolados e o gene apaH em 52 isolados de A. actinomycetemcomitans. O promotor LTX e o gene ltxA foram encontrados em todos os isolados, sendo 64 altamente leucotóxicos e 9 fracamente leucotóxicos. O gene cdtA foi observado em 50 isolados testados; o gene cdtB, em 48 isolados; o gene cdtC, em 61 isolados e o gene cdtABC, em 40 isolados. Esses resultados sugerem que a maioria dos isolados clínicos de A. actinomycetemcomitans, provenientes de pacientes com periodontite, abrigam os principais genes responsáveis pela virulência, principalmente os relacionados à produção de toxinas. Possivelmente, a maioria dos isolados foram capazes de aderir às células orais e formar biofilmes em superfícies sólidas pelo envolvimento de outros tipos de adesinas, além das fímbrias. Além disso, dois dos três isolados de indivíduo sadio também apresentaram fatores de virulência que poderiam causar periodontite.
Title in English
Adhesion, invasion and cytotoxicity of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans isolated from patients with chronic and aggressive periodontal disease.
Keywords in English
Biofilms
Chronic periodontitis
Cytotoxins
Toxins
Virulence
Abstract in English
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans plays a key role in the development of chronic and aggressive periodontitis. This microorganism produces virulence factors which make it able to colonize and invade the periodontal tissues and escape from host defenses. In this study, the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of A. actinomycetemcomitans and the presence of the main genes responsible for virulence were determined. Subgingival biofilm samples from 65 patients with periodontal disease and 48 healthy individuals were collected, and 73 bacterial isolates were obtained. Biotyping, adhesion, invasion and cytotoxicity to oral cells (KB), neuraminidase and biofilm production, presence of capsule and fimbriae were evaluated, as well as the presence of flp-1 (related to adhesion); apaH (related to invasion); LTX promoter and ltxA (leukotoxin production); cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cdtABC (cytoletal distending toxin production) genes. Biotype II was the most prevalent in A. actinomycetemcomitans. Sixty-six isolates were able to adhere to KB cells and among them 33 were able to invade them. Forty-six A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates were cytotoxic to KB cells, producing changes in cell morphology. Neuraminidase was produced by 60 isolates, with agglutination titles of 2 to 8. Fifty-four A. actinomycetemcomitans were able to form large amount of biofilm. All isolates showed capsule, but not fimbriae. The flp-1 and apaH genes were detected, respectively, in 40 and 52 isolates. The LTX promoter and ltxA gene were found in all isolates, in 64 were highly leukotoxic and 9 minimally leukotoxic. The cdtA gene was observed in 50; cdtB in 48; cdtC in 61 and cdtABC in 40 A. actinomycetemcomitans. These results suggest that most of A. actinomycetemcomitans clinical isolates from periodontal patients, harbor the main genes responsible for virulence, especially those related to toxins production. Possibly, most of the isolates were able to attach to oral cells and form biofilms on solid surfaces, by the involvement of other types of adhesins, besides the fimbriae. Furthermore, two out three isolates from healthy individual also had virulence factors that could cause periodontitis.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-12-06
 
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