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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.2011.tde-12082011-073329
Document
Author
Full name
Andreas Betz
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Chadi, Debora Rejane Fior (President)
Ferreira, Zulma Felisbina da Silva
Maximino, Jessica Ruivo
Visconti, Maria Aparecida
Zanoteli, Edmar
Title in Portuguese
Neuroproteção dopaminérgica pela associação de exercício físico espontâneo e tratamento crônico com nicotina no modelo da doença de Parkinson em ratos - indicativos dos mecanismos envolvidos
Keywords in Portuguese
Exercício físico espontâneo
Neuroproteção
Parkinsonismo experimental
Tratamento crônico com nicotina
Abstract in Portuguese
A doença de Parkinson é uma patologia neurodegenerativa progressiva, que acomete mais de 1% da população acima de 60 anos, caracterizada pela morte de neurônios dopaminérgicos do sistema nigroestriatal. O tratamento atualmente disponível não fornece a cura para a doença de Parkinson. Contudo, a abordagem interdisciplinar tem sido capaz de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos acometidos. Dados descrevem a relação entre o hábito de fumar e menor predisposição a esta doença, sugerindo que a nicotina proteja neurônios dopaminérgicos. Na área experimental, a prática de exercícios físicos também exerce efeitos benéficos nos modelos de parkinsonismo. Juntas, estas observações poderiam propor que a nicotina e o exercício físico atuariam sinergisticamente, de maneira a preservar os neurônios dopaminérgicos. Cinco grupos de ratos Wistar foram submetidos ao implante de pastilhas de nicotina ou placebo e dois destes grupos foram colocados em gaiolas-moradia com acesso às rodas de correr, durante duas semanas. Os outros grupos permaneceram em gaiolas-moradia simples. Foi realizada lesão estriatal unilateral com 6-OHDA em quatro grupos, após a qual os ratos permaneceram em suas respectivas gaiolas, por outras 5 semanas. Os animais foram submetidos por três vezes a testes comportamentais, ao longo das 7 semanas. Por fim, as áreas de interesse foram removidas e processadas para as técnicas de Western Blotting e PCR em tempo real. Os ratos submetidos à atividade física espontânea, com ou sem nicotina, não mostraram déficit na pata contralateral à lesão, contrastando com os ratos sedentários. A interação nicotina - atividade física mostrou-se importante para que a síntese de TH e de NF-200 não diminuísse, além de aumentar os níveis de RNAm do BDNF no corpo estriado e mesencéfalo ventral ipsilaterais à lesão. Estes resultados sugerem que a nicotina sistêmica, associada à atividade física, podem induzir alterações nos núcleos da base, que facilitariam a neuroproteção dos terminais dopaminérgicos estriatais.
Title in English
Dopaminergic neuroprotection through the association of spontaneous physical exercise and chronic treatment with nicotine in a rat model of Parkinsons disease indicative of involved mechanisms.
Keywords in English
Chronic treatment with nicotine
Experimental parkinsonism
Neuroprotection
Spontaneous physical exercise
Abstract in English
Parkinsons disease is a progressive neurodegenerative pathology that affects 1% of the elderly population characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons at the nigrostriatal system. Nowadays the cure is not possible with the treatments available, but an interdisciplinary approach improves the quality of life. It has been already described a relationship between smoking habit and less predisposition for this pathology, suggesting that nicotine could be able to protect dopamine neurons. Besides, it is known that physical activity offers benefic effects in Parkinsons disease models. Together, these observations suggest that nicotine and exercise can act synergistically for dopaminergic neurons protection. Five groups of Wistar rats underwent an operation to implant a nicotine or placebo pellet; two rats were placed in cages with running wheels for 2 weeks after surgery. Remaining groups were maintained in simple cages. Four groups received striatal injection with 6-OHDA, and were returned to their respective cages for additional 5 weeks. Rats were submitted 3 times to behavioral tests along these 7 weeks. At the end of this period, brain areas of interest were removed and submitted to immunoblotting and real-time RT-PCR. Rats exposed to running wheels (placebo and nicotine groups) did not show deficit in the contralateral paw, contrasting to the findings of parkinsonism without physical activity. Nicotine and exercise counteracted the striatal down-regulation of TH synthesis and NF-200 levels. Combined strategies also increased BDNF mRNA levels in the ipsilateral striatum and ventral mesencephalon. Systemic nicotine associated to physical exercise may trigger trophic events in basal ganglia that could lead to neuroprotection within striatal dopaminergic terminals.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-09-09
 
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