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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2014.tde-09032015-090835
Document
Author
Full name
Carolina de Souza Goulart
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Xavier, Gilberto Fernando (President)
Andrade, Michele Schultz Ramos de
Haddad Junior, Hamilton
Title in Portuguese
Enriquecimento ambiental, ansiedade, cognição e neurogênese hipocampal
Keywords in Portuguese
Enriquecimento
Hipocampo
Memória
Abstract in Portuguese
O enriquecimento ambiental pode ser considerado uma condição que proporciona aumento da estimulação sensorial, cognitiva e motora, que levaria, a curto e longo prazos, a mudanças comportamentais importantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição ao enriquecimento ambiental (1) na ansiedade e memória aversiva, ambos no labirinto em cruz elevado, (2) na memória operacional espacial no labirinto aquático de Morris, e (3) na neurogênese hipocampal, em ratos. Os animais foram expostos ao enriquecimento ambiental a partir do desmame (22 dias), onde permaneceram até o último dia de teste (17º mês). Nesse período, foram submetidos ao Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE) no 3º e 15º mês, e ao Labirinto Aquático de Morris (LAM) no 9º e 16º mês. Uma semana antes da exposição ao labirinto aquático, receberam uma injeção intraperitonal de bromodeoxyuridina (BrdU). Vinte e quatro horas e trinta dias após essa injeção grupos independentes de animais foram sacrificados e seus encéfalos processados imunohistoquímicamente para revelar o BrdU. O enriquecimento ambiental produziu um efeito ansiolítico em animais jovens, mas não nos idosos. A memória aversiva de animais jovens e idosos não se alterou. No labirinto aquático, enquanto os animais expostos ao ambiente enriquecido por 9 meses apresentaram uma estratégia mais eficiente de busca em relação aos respectivos controles, os animais expostos ao ambiente enriquecido por 15 meses apresentaram mais flexibilidade para se adaptar as novas situações; no entanto, o enriquecimento ambiental parece não alterar diretamente o desempenho na memória operacional espacial. Em relação a neurogênese hipocampal, o enriquecimento foi capaz de aumentar cerca de 2 vezes o número de novas células; no entanto, a exposição ao labirinto aquático foi capaz de aumentar a taxa de sobrevivência de novos neurônios
Title in English
Environmental enrichment, anxiety, cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis
Keywords in English
Enrichment
Hippocampus
Memory
Abstract in English
Environmental enrichment in laboratory animals is a housing condition that provides enhanced sensorial, motor and social stimulation as compared to maintenance in standard laboratory cages. It has been claimed that this kind of stimulation improves cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to environmental enrichment on anxiety and aversive memory in the elevated plus maze, spatial working memory in the Morris' water maze, and hippocampal neurogenesis. The animals were subjected to environmental enrichment from weaning (22 days) up to the last test (17 months). During this period, they were tested in the 3rd and 15th months of life in the elevated plus maze, and in the 9th and 16th months of life in the Morris' water maze. A week before exposure to the water maze, the animals received an intraperitoneal injection of BrdU. Twenty-four hours and 30 days after the injection independent groups of animals were sacrificed for performing immunohistochemistry. Exposure to the enriched environment rendered young animals, but not elderly, less anxious. In addition, the aversive memory of both groups remained unchanged along aging. In the Morris' water maze, animals exposed to the enriched environment showed a more effective searching strategy to find the hidden platform on the first trial than the controls, when tested at 9 months. In addition, the flexibility to deal with novel situations at 15 months was greater for animals exposed to the enriched environment. Even though, exposure to the enriched environment did not alter performance of spatial working memory. Environmental enrichment doubled hippocampal neurogenesis, and the survival of the new neurons was greater when the subjects were exposed to the Morris' water maze task
 
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Publishing Date
2015-04-28
 
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