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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2012.tde-24102012-075634
Document
Author
Full name
Denis Jacob Machado
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Marques, Fernando Portella de Luna (President)
Domingues, Marcus Vinicius
Grant, Taran
Title in Portuguese
Acanthobothrium Blanchard, 1848: diversidade filogenética das linhagens parasitas de arraias de água doce
Keywords in Portuguese
Acanthobothrium
Homologia dinâmica
Sistemática
Abstract in Portuguese
Primeiramente, apresentamos esclarecimentos sobre a origem do táxon Acanthobothrium. A autoria do gênero deve ser creditada à Blanchard em 1848, ocasião na qual este autor disponibilizou a primeira espécie válida para o gênero, Acanthobothrium coronatum. A espécie tipo de Acanthobothrium é A. coronatum Blanchard, 1848, um sinônimo júnior de A. corollatum (Abilgaard, 1790). Também foi identificada Raja batis L. como hospedeiro-tipo do gênero. A seguir, empregamos a otimização direta de 16S, 28S, and ITS1 rDNA para avaliar o posicionamento filogenético das linhagens de Acanthobothrium parasitas de arraias de água doce (Potamotrygonidae). As delimitações morfológicas das espécies Acanthobothrium sp. 1, Acanthobothrium sp. 2 e A. terezae (sin. A. ramiroi) são validadas pela monofilia recíproca destas linhagens. São apresentados indícios de que A. amazonensis é sinônimo de A. quinonesi. Nossos resultados reforçam a ideia de que tetrafilídeos parasitas de potamotrigonídeos apresentam grande variação morfológica intraespecífica e baixa especificidade (em contraste com seus congêneres marinhos). Acanthobothrium quinonesi é grupo irmão do clado que compreende A. terezae e Acanthobothrium sp. 1. Acanthobothrium sp. 2 está mais relacionados com seus congêneres marinhos do que com as demais espécies parasitas de potamotrigonídeos, o que sugere que a colonização da água doce por Acanthobothrium se deu através de pelo menos duas linhagens ancestrais independentes que infectavam o ancestral exclusivo comum das arrais de água doce.
Title in English
Acanthobothrium Blanchard, 1848: phylogenetic diversity of the linages that parasitize freshwater stingrays
Keywords in English
Acanthobothrium
Dynamic homology
Systematics
Abstract in English
First we clarify some major points in the taxonomic history of Acanthobothrium. The authorship of the genus must be given to Blanchard in 1848, ocasion in which its first species, Acanthobothrium coronatum, was created. Therefore, the type species of Acanthobothrium is A. coronatum Blanchard, 1848, a junior synonym of A. corollatum (Abildgaard, 1790). Both Acanthothrothrium and A. corollatum have their concepts attached to armed tapeworms parasites of Raja batis L., their type host. Following we provided a phylogenetic analysis based on the direct optimization of 16S, 28S, and ITS1 rDNA to access the phylogentic position of freshwater Acanthobothrium lineages. The current morphological delimitations of Acanthobothrium sp. 1, Acanthobothrium sp. 2, A. terezae (syn. A. ramiroi) and A. quinonesi (syn. A. regoi and A. peruviense) are corroborated. There are indications that A. amazonensis should be considered synonym of A. quinonesi. Our results provide additionl evidence to support the idea that freshwater lineages of tetraphyllideans (as opposed to marine tetraphyllideans) presents great intra-specific morphological variation and low host specificity. Acanthobothrium quinonesi is sister group of a clade that comprises A. terezae and Acanthobothrium sp. 1. Acanthobothrium sp. 2 is more related to marine species of Acanthobothrium than to freshwater congenerics. This suggests that the colonization of the freshwater system by Acanthobothrium is likely to have occur via at least two separate lineages of Acanthobothrium infecting the exclusive common ancestor of the potamotrygonids, which would in time be responsible for the existence of two distinct clades of freshwater species of Acanthobothrium.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-01-24
 
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