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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2008.tde-27032008-154811
Document
Author
Full name
Carlos Henrique Miyashira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Santos, Deborah Yara Alves Cursino dos (President)
Fernandes, João Batista
Salatino, Maria Luiza Faria
Title in Portuguese
Influência da cafeína na sobrevivência de saúvas Atta sexdens rubropilosa (hymenoptera: Formicidae) e no crescimento in vitro de seu fungo mutualista
Keywords in Portuguese
Atta sexdens
Cafeína
Fungo mutualista
Abstract in Portuguese
As formigas cortadeiras (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) estão distribuídas desde o sul dos Estados Unidos até a Argentina. São herbívoros comuns de florestas que coletam material vegetal para cultivar um fungo mutualista específico. São conhecidas pelo seu papel ecológico na aeração do solo, na infiltração da água e na ciclagem de nutrientes. Atividades humanas, como o desmatamento e a agricultura, afetam o ambiente, alterando também o comportamento das saúvas, que acabam atacando os espécimes cultivados. Devido aos prejuízos causados à agricultura, novos inseticidas específicos são necessários. Muitos trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos usando metabólitos secundários para essa finalidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da cafeína na mortalidade de Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel, 1908) e no crescimento in vitro de seu fungo mutualístico Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Leucocoprineae: Agaricaceae), obtidos de sauveiros mantidos em laboratório. Foram utilizadas quatro concentrações de cafeína, 0,01%, 0,05%, 0,10% e 0,50%. Mortalidade das formigas foi avaliada pelo ensaio de ingestão, acrescentando a cafeína a dietas artificiais sólidas. A cafeína foi incorporada ao meio de cultura para medir a sua influência no crescimento in vitro. Independente das concentrações de cafeína, esse metabólito parece atuar como repelente para a saúvas. A respeito do fungo, quanto maior a concentração de cafeína, menor o crescimento in vitro. Inibição do crescimento foi observada em 0,10% e 0,50% e morte do fungo foi observada em algumas amostras Em conclusão, os resultados sugerem que a cafeína pode ser usada como fungicida, sendo adicionada a iscas que serão coletadas pelas formigas e carregada aos ninhos, causando a redução do fungo e/ou a morte e consequentemente, a morte das formigas.
Title in English
Influence of caffeine in the survival of leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and to in vitro growth of the mutualistic fungus
Keywords in English
Atta sexdens
Caffeine
Mutualistic fungus
Abstract in English
The leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) are found from south of United States to Argentina. They are common florest herbivorous which collect plant material to feed a specific mutualist fungus. These insects are known by their ecological role at soil aeration, water permeation and nutrient cycling. Human activities, like deforestation and agriculture, affect the environment, affecting the behavior of leaf-cutting ants, which start to attack the crops. Due to crops lost, new specific pesticides are needed. Several researches have been developed using secondary metabolites for this purpose. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of caffeine at Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel, 1908) mortality, and at in vitro growth of the mutualist fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Leucocoprineae: Agaricaceae), collected from laboratory nests. Four caffeine concentrations were tested: 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.50%. Ant's mortality was evaluated by ingestion assay, adding caffeine to artificial diets. Caffeine was added to culture medium, to measure its influence on in vitro fungus growth. Despite caffeine concentrations, this compound seems to act as repellent to ants. Concerning to the fungus, the higher the caffeine concentration, the lower the in vitro fungus growth. Growth inhibition was observed at both 0.10% and 0.50% concentrations and death of fungus was observed in some samples. In conclusion, the results suggest that caffeine could be used as fungicide, being added to baits which could be collected by ants and carried to the nests, causing fungus reduction and/or death and consequently, the death of the nests.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-04-22
 
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