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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2011.tde-09122011-135402
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Estefânia Fernandes Rodrigues
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Souza, Vinicius Castro (President)
Amaral, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do
Pompeo, Marcelo Luiz Martins
Title in Portuguese
Levantamento florístico e distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas na Represa Guarapiranga, São Paulo, Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
Hidrófitas
Palustres
Plantas aquáticas
Reservatório urbano
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a composição e distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas no reservatório Guarapiranga, além de contribuir para o conhecimento taxonômico das espécies. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de Julho/2008 a Junho/2009, em 20 bancos de macrófitas distribuídos ao longo de todo reservatório. Em cada banco foram coletadas e registradas as espécies presentes e coletadas amostra superficial da água para análise em laboratório do fósforo total e clorofila "a". In situ, foram tomadas medidas de temperatura da água, pH, CE, OD e DS. Para verificar a distribuição e relação das macrófitas com variáveis ambientais foram realizadas análises de similaridade e correspondência canônica. A comunidade de macrófitas do reservatório é composta por 133 espécies, pertencentes a 89 gêneros, distribuídos em 45 famílias, sendo 127 de Angiospermas, 5 de Samambaias e 1 de Hepática, neste trabalho é apresentado uma chave de identificação e descrições para as espécies presentes na área de estudo. Através das análises estatísticas observamos dois principais agrupamentos: o primeiro constituído de 4 bancos de macrófitas localizados no Braço Embu-Guaçu, caracterizados pela presença de macrófitas enraizadas com folhas flutuantes e submersas e com melhor qualidade de água e o segundo constituído de outros bancos com predomínio de espécies emergentes e flutuantes e água com maior carga de poluentes. A área de cobertura da espécie Polygonum ferrugineum diminuiu com elevação do nível da represa, enquanto a área de cobertura de macrófitas flutuantes livres (Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia herzogii) aumentou. Foi possível concluir que a Represa Guarapiranga possui uma elevada riqueza de macrófitas aquáticas, cuja composição específica é diferente entre os braços e corpo central.
Title in English
Floristic composition and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in the reservoir Guarapiranga, São Paulo, Brazil
Keywords in English
Aquatic plants
Hydrophytes
Urban reservoir
Wetlands
Abstract in English
The aim of this study was to investigate the composition and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in the Guarapiranga reservoir and contribute to the taxonomic knowledge of the species. Field work were performed monthly from June/2008 to May/2009, in 20 stands of macrophytes distributed throughout the reservoir. In each stand, the present species were recorded and collected and water temperature, pH, electric conductivity, dissolved oxygen and Secchi disk transparency were measured. Additionally, superficial water sample were collected for total phosphorus and chlorophyll "a" analysis in the laboratory. To investigate the distribution of macrophytes and its relationship with environmental variables, similarity and canonical correspondence analysis were performed. The aquatic macrophytes community of the reservoir was composed of 133 species belonging to 89 genera distributed in 45 families being 127 angiosperms, 5 ferns and 1 liverwort. This work presents an identification key and descriptions for the species present in study area. The statistical analysis showed a cluster of four macrophytes stands located in the branch Embu-Guaçu, characterized by the presence of rooted macrophytes with floating leaves and submerged and with a better quality of water.Another cluster was formed by the other groups of macrophyte stands that were dominate by floating and emergent species, where we observed higher load of pollutants in the water. The coverage area of the species Polygonum ferrugineum decreased with the increase in the water level of the reservoir, while the coverage of the free-floating species (Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia herzogii) increased. In conclusion, Guarapiranga has a great aquatic macrophytes species richness, with different specific composition in the branches and in the central body.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-01-13
 
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