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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.2017.tde-20032017-104921
Document
Author
Full name
Felipe Augusto André Ishiy
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Bueno, Maria Rita dos Santos e Passos (President)
Boim, Mirian Aparecida
Fanganiello, Roberto Dalto
Okamoto, Oswaldo Keith
Passos Junior, Geraldo Aleixo da Silva
Title in English
Evaluation of molecular markers in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells
Keywords in English
Molecular markers
Osteogenic differentiation
Stem cells
Abstract in English
The use of stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach for tissue engineering by their ability to boost tissue regeneration, and to model in vitro human genetics disorders since it provides continuous supplies of cells with differentiation potential. Our study has been focused in the identification of molecules or mechanisms that could contribute to a better osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). To achieve our goals we have explored the osteopontential differences of stem cells from different sources. In this regard, we have observed that MSCs from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) presented higher in vitro osteogenic differentiation potential (OD) as compared to MSCs derived from human adipose tissue (hASCs). Through microarray analysis and cell sorting, we have shown that IGF2 and CD105 expression levels contribute to these osteopontential cell differences, that is, higher IGF2 expression levels and lower CD105 expression levels were associated with the increased osteogenic potential of SHED as compared to hASCs. The molecular mechanisms associated with the diferent expression levels of IGF2 and CD105 in these cells were also investigated. Despite the advantages of adult MSCs they can exhibit drawbacks such as restricted self-renewal and limited cell amounts. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSC) technology has emerged as an alternative cell source, as they provide more homogeneous cellular populations with prolonged self-renewal and higher plasticity. We verified that the OD of MSC-like iPSC differs from MSCs and it depends on the iPSCs originating cellular source. Comparative in vitro osteogenesis analysis showed higher osteogenic potential in MSC-like cells derived from iPS-SHED when compared with MSC-like cells from iPS-FIB and SHED. iPSCs can be also used as a tool to model genetic disorders. We have thus proposed to verify if it could be possible to in vitro model Treacher-Collins syndrome, a condition with deficient craniofacial bone development. We have compared the effects of pathogenic mutations in TCOF1 gene in cell proliferation, differentiation potential between MSCs, dermal fibroblasts, neural-crest like and MSC-like cells differentiated from iPSCs.TCS cells showed changes in cell properties anddysregulated expression of chondrogenesis markers during osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. In summary, the comparative analysis of stem cells of different sources allow us to identify markers that may facilitate osteogenesis and that it is possible to establish an in vitro model to Treacher-Collins syndrome
Title in Portuguese
Estudo de marcadores moleculares no processo de diferenciação osteogênica de células-tronco mesenquimais
Keywords in Portuguese
Células-tronco
Diferenciação osteogênica
Marcadores moleculares
Abstract in Portuguese
O uso de células-tronco trata-se de uma abordagem terapêutica promissora para a engenharia de tecidos, devido à sua capacidade na regeneração de tecidos, e para modelamento in vitro de distúrbios genéticos humanos, uma vez que fornece um abastecimento contínuo de células com potencial de diferenciação. Nosso estudo se propos a identificar moléculas e mecanismos que contribuem na otimização da osteogênese de células-tronco mesenquimais (MSCs). Para atingir nossos objetivos exploramos as diferenças no potencial osteogênico (PO) de MSCs de diferentes fontes. Observamos que MSCs de polpa de dente decíduo humano (SHED) apresentaram maior PO em comparação com as MSC derivadas de tecido adiposo humano (hASCs). Através de análise de microarray de expressão e cell sorting, demonstramos que os níveis de expressão de IGF2 e CD105 contribuem para as diferenças do PO, onde a maior expressão de IGF2 e menor expressão de CD105 estão associadas a maior PO em SHED quando comparado as hASCs. Também investigamos os mecanismos moleculares associados aos diferentes níveis de expressão de IGF2 E CD105 em ambas as fontes celulares. Apesar das vantagens, as MSCs podem apresentar pontos negativos como restrita auto-renovação e menor quantidade de células. Células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas (iPSC) surgem como uma fonte celular alternativa, proporcionando populações celulares homogêneas com auto-renovação prolongada e maior plasticidade. O PO de MSC-like iPSC difere de MSCs, e este potencial é dependente da fonte celular em que as iPSCs são obtidas. Análise comparativa de PO in vitro demonstrou maior osteogênse em células MSC-like derivadas de iPS-SHED quando comparada as células MSC-like de iPSCs-fibroblastos e SHED. iPSCs também podem ser utilizadas como ferramenta para investigar doenças genéticas humanas. Propomos a modelagem in vitro da síndrome de Treacher-Collins (TSC), doença que acomete as estruturas craniofaciais durante o desenvolvimento ósseo. Comparamos os efeitos de mutações patogênicas no gene TCOF1 na proliferação celular, potencial de diferenciação entre MSCs, fibroblastos dérmicos, neural-crest like e células MSC-like diferenciadas de iPSCs. Células de pacientes TCS exibiram alterações em propriedades celulares e na expressão de marcadores osteogênicos e condrogênicos. Em resumo, a análise comparativa de células-tronco de diferentes fontes permitiu a identificação de marcadores e mecanismos que podem facilitar a osteogênese e tambem demonstramos que é possível modelar in vitro a síndrome de Treacher-Collins
 
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Publishing Date
2017-04-10
 
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