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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2009.tde-18092009-141614
Document
Author
Full name
Karla de Oliveira Pelegrino
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Carramaschi, Lygia da Veiga Pereira (President)
Haddad, Luciana Amaral
Ulrich, Alexander Henning
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização e diferenciação neural in vitro de células-tronco de polpa de dente decíduo humano
Keywords in Portuguese
Caracterização
Células-tronco de polpa de dente decíduo
Diferenciação neural
Abstract in Portuguese
A polpa do dente contém uma população de células-tronco multipotentes, que possuem a capacidade de se diferenciar em várias linhagens celulares distintas, in vitro e in vivo. Estas células possuem origem mesenquimal e, acredita-se que sejam derivadas da crista neural. Elas podem ser induzidas a se diferenciar em células de osso, cartilagem, músculo liso e esquelético. Há trabalhos também que descrevem a diferenciação neural destas células, com base principalmente em caracterizações morfológica e protéica. Contudo, um número crescente de dados sugere que a diferenciação neural de células de origem mesenquimal, pode, na verdade, ser um artefato de cultura. Neste contexto, se torna de grande importância introduzir nos estudos medidas de eletrofisiologia que possam confirmar a identidade neural destas células. Nosso objetivo foi isolar e caracterizar células-tronco de polpa de dente decíduo humano (IDPSC), verificando se as mesmas poderiam configurar um bom modelo para estudo da diferenciação neural in vitro. No presente trabalho, nós descrevemos uma população de IDPSCs indiferenciadas capazes de se diferenciar em adipócitos e osteócitos in vitro. Quando tratadas com ácido retinóico as IDPSC exibiram morfologia semelhante à de células neurais, além de apresentar expressão de proteínas neurais e disparar potencial de ação. Porém, curiosamente, as células sem tratamento também expressam esses marcadores e apresentam resposta eletrofisiológica, limitando a interpretação acerca do valor que o tratamento teria na promoção da diferenciação neural e, conseqüentemente, restringindo a utilização das mesmas como modelo de estudo da diferenciação neural in vitro. Apesar de a questão acerca da capacidade das IDPSCs em se diferenciar para neurônios permanecer não respondida, as IDPSCs foram capazes de direcionar a diferenciação neural de células-tronco embrionárias em ensaios de co-cultura. Estes resultados reforçam trabalhos prévios que mostram que as células-tronco de polpa de dente podem ser boas candidatas para terapia celular.
Title in English
Characterization and in vitro neural differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells
Keywords in English
Characterization
Dental pulp stem cells
Neural differentiation
Abstract in English
Post-natal stem cells have been isolated from a multiple source of tissues, as bone marrow, brain, skin, hair follicle and muscle. Many works have shown that these cells exhibit plasticity higher than the first believed and are able to transdifferentiate into cells from other germ layer origin. From dental pulp tissue is possible to isolate a population of multipotent stem cell which have mesenchymal origin and are supposed to be derived from neural crest. They can be induced to differentiate into mesodermal cell types, like chondrocyte, osteocyte and adipocyte. It has been also reported that they are able to transdifferentiate into neural cells. However, increasing data suggests that neural transdifferentiation of cells from mesenchymal origin, actually, may be an artifact of culture, due to cellular stress, for example. In front of this, it becomes of great importance to show that the expected differentiated cells exhibit functional responses, by the investigation of electrophysiological properties. Here we describe a population of undifferentiated human dental pulp stem cell that can be induced to differentiate into adipocytes and osteocytes in vitro. When treated with retinoic acid they showed neural cell like morphology, expressed neural markers and were able to fire action potentials. However, curiously, undifferentiated cells also exhibited the same responses, limiting the interpretation of neural treatment effect and, therefore, restricting the use of IDPSCs as a model for neural differentiation in vitro. Although the question of whether or not DPSC are able to become a neuron remains unsolved, these cells were able to direct neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells in co-culture assays. These findings in conjunction with previous works which shows DPSCs can exercise neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects indicate they may be a feasible candidate for cellular therapy.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-10-23
 
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