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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.2008.tde-15092008-152008
Document
Author
Full name
Erwin Tramontini Grau
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Wajntal, Anita (President)
Goerck, Jaqueline Maria
Gonzaga, Luiz Antonio Pedreira
Matioli, Sergio Russo
Meyer, Diogo
Title in Portuguese
Filogenia molecular e biogeografia: jacus e jacutingas (Cracidae)
Keywords in Portuguese
Aburria
Penelope
Pipile
Cracidae
Abstract in Portuguese
Cracídeos são aves neotropicais frugívoras e de grande porte. Englobam 50 espécies e 10 gêneros que podem ser agrupados em mutuns, jacus e jacutingas, aracuãs e Mutum Cornuto. Filogenias moleculares e estudos biogeográficos dos cracídeos estão disponíveis para as relações intergenéricas da família e entre as espécies de mutuns. Entretanto, não estão disponíveis dados moleculares para o estudo dos jacus e jacutingas. Os jacus e jacutingas englobam 23 espécies em 04 gêneros [Aburria, Chamaepetes, Penelope e Penelopina] com distribuição do México à Argentina. Neste estudo, definimos as relações filogenéticas entre as espécies do gênero Penelope, incluindo 13 espécies e 13 kb de seqüências de DNA mitocondrial e nuclear (análises Bayesiana e de Máxima Parcimônia) e entre as espécies do gênero Aburria (com Pipile), incluindo 5 espécies e 2,7 kb de seqüências de DNA mitocondrial (análises Bayesiana, de Máxima Verossimilhança e de Máxima Parcimônia). Nossos resultados mostraram Penelope como grupo monofilético e Pipile como grupo parafilético. Sugerimos que as espécies de Pipile sejam transferidas para o gênero Aburria, o gênero mais antigo. Em Penelope, as subespécies de Penelope obscura aparecem como grupo parafilético. Sugerimos que sejam consideradas como espécies válidas. No estudo evolutivo de Cracidae, as datações de tempo de divergência indicam que a diversificação dos jacus e jacutingas ocorreu do Mioceno ao Pleistoceno. As transgressões marinhas, o soerguimento dos Andes e suas conseqüências nas bacias dos rios sulamericanos, a formação da Laguna Amazônica e especializações de habitat parecem ser os principais fatores que influenciaram na diversificação dos jacus e jacutingas.
Title in English
Molecular Phylogenetics and Biogeography: Typical, Piping and Wattled Guans (Cracidae)
Keywords in English
Aburria
Penelope
Pipile
Cracidae
Abstract in English
Cracids are large frugivorous Neotropical birds. Comprise 10 genera and 50 species that can be grouped as currasows, chachalacas, guans and Horned Guan. Molecular phylogenetic and biogeographic studies in this family were already performed for intergeneric relationships and among curassows species. Molecular data for intrageneric relationships for guans were not available. Guans comprise 23 species of four genera [Aburria, Chamaepetes, Penelope, and Penelopina] that range from México to Argentina. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships among species of the genus Penelope, including 13 species and about 13kb of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA (Bayesian and Maximum Parsimony) and among species of the genus Aburria (plus Pipile), including 5 species and about 2,7 kb of mitochondrial DNA (Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony). Results indicate Penelope as monophyletic and Pipile as paraphyletic group. Therefore, we suggest that Pipile should be merged with Aburria, the oldest described genus. For the genus Penelope: Penelope obscura, with three subspecies sampled, appears as paraphyletic group. We suggest that they should be considered as valid species. Molecular dating of divergence time was estimated. The diversification among guans seems to have occurred from Miocene to Pleistocene. Marine transgression, the rise of the Andes, and the subsequent changes in river basins in south America, formation of Amazon Lagoon and habitat specializations seems to be the major factors affecting guan diversification.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-09-25
 
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