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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.2019.tde-04062019-085223
Document
Author
Full name
Renata Bannitz Fernandes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Soares Netto, Luis Eduardo (President)
Baldini, Regina Lúcia
Garré, Madia Trujillo
Miyamoto, Sayuri
Truzzi, Daniela Ramos
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização bioquí­mica e estrutural de peroxirredoxinas de Aspergillus fumigatus, fungo patógeno oportunista humano
Keywords in Portuguese
1-Cys Prx
Aspergillus fumigatus
Peroxirredoxina
Prx6
Abstract in Portuguese
Peroxirredoxinas (Prxs) são peroxidases muito eficientes que dependem de uma tríade catalítica composta por uma Thr (ou Ser em alguns casos), uma Cys e uma Arg para decompor peróxidos. Elas podem ser classificadas em 1-Cys Prx e 2-Cys Prx, de acordo com o número de Cys envolvidas na catálise, ou de acordo com características estruturais que dividem as Prxs em 6 subfamílias. A grande maioria das enzimas da subfamília Prx6 é composta por 1-Cys Prx. As Prx6 são ainda pouco caracterizadas e a identidade biológica de seu (s) redutor (es) ainda é controversa. Alguns dos redutores candidatos são a Trx e o ascorbato. As Prx6 de mamíferos também possuem atividade de fosfolipase do tipo A2 (PLA2), que depende de uma tríade catalítica composta por uma His, uma Ser e um Asp. Nessa tese, investigamos aspectos bioquímicos e estruturais de duas enzimas da subfamília Prx6 de Aspergillus fumigatus: a AfPrx1 citossólica e a AfPrxC mitocondrial. A. fumigatus é o mais importante fungo patogênico transmitido pelo ar. Inicialmente, caracterizamos as cinéticas de oxidação de AfPrx1 e AfPrxC por H2O2, t-BOOH, CuOOH, LAOOH e ONOO-, monitorando alterações redox-dependentes das fluorescência intrínseca dessas proteínas. Adicionalmente, avaliamos as reduções de AfPrx1 e AfPrxC por Trx, Grx, ascorbato, ergotioneína, GSH e H2S. Apenas H2S reduziu eficientemente AfPrx1 e AfPrxC (κAfPrx1 ≈ 103 M-1 s-1 e κAfPrxC ≈ 104 M-1 s-1). Além da atividade peroxidásica, utilizamos lipossomos radioativos para caracterizar pela primeira vez atividade fosfolipásica (PLA2) para uma Prx de não-mamífero que AfPrx1 e AfPrxC possuem. Esta atividade (≈ 200 nmol/ h/ mg de proteína) pode ser inibida por MJ33 (aproximadamente 75 %) e aumentada pela fosforilação através de MAPK. Adicionalmente, estas proteínas estão envolvidas na sobrevivência do fungo durante interação com macrófagos. Utilizando microeletrodo, pudemos verificar que AfPrx1 é importante para detoxificar o fungo de H2O2 exógeno. A caracterização bioquímica destas atividades catalíticas das Prxs pode abrir novas perspectivas para tratamentos, já que pelo menos AfPrx1 está envolvida na virulência de A. fumigatus em ensaios com camundongos
Title in English
Biochemical and structural characterization of peroxiredoxins from Aspergillus fumigatus, human opportunistic pathogen
Keywords in English
1-Cys Prx
Aspergillus fumigatus
Peroxirredoxina
Prx6
Abstract in English
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are highly efficient peroxidases that depend on a catalytic triad composed of Thr/Ser, Cys and Arg residues. These enzymes can be classified as 2-Cys Prx and 1-Cys Prx, according to the number of Cys residues involved in catalysis or according to structural characteristics that divide the Prxs in 6 subfamilies. The Prx6 subfamily is almost exclusively composed by 1-Cys Prx enzymes. This subfamily is still poorly characterized and the identities of their biological reductants are still controversial. Some of the reductant candidates are thioredoxin (Trx) and ascorbate. The mammalian members of this subfamily possess an additional phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity that relies on another catalytic triad that is composed by His, Ser and Asp residues. In this thesis, we investigated biochemical and structural aspects of two enzymes belonging to the Prx6 subfamily from Aspergillus fumigatus: the cytosolic AfPrx1 and the mitochondrial AfPrxC. A. fumigatus is the most important pathogenic fungus transmitted through the air. Initially, we characterized the oxidation of AfPrx1 and AfPrxC by H2O2, t-BOOH, CuOOH, LAOOH and ONOO-, monitoring redox dependent changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of these enzymes. Additionally, we characterized the reduction of AfPrx1 and AfPrxC by Trx, Grx, ascorbate, ergothioneine, GSH and H2S. Interestingly, only H2S reduced these proteins efficiently κAfPrx1 ≈ 103 M-1 s-1 and κk;AfPrxC ≈ 104 M-1 s-1). In addition to the peroxidase activity, we determined for the first time the phospholipase activity (PLA2) for a non-mammalian Prx, using liposomes radioactive-labeled. AfPrx1 and AfPrxC displayed PLA2 activity (≈ 200 nmol/ h/ mg of protein) that was inhibited by MJ33 (about 75 %) and enhanced after phosphorylation by MAPK. Moreover, we also showed that these proteins were important for fungus survival during studies co-cultures with macrophages. Furthermore, AfPrx1 was important to detoxify A. fumigatus from exogenous added H2O2 as observed through an electrochemical approach. The biochemical and structural characterization of these Prxs described herein can open new therapeutic strategies, since at least AfPrx1 is involved in fungus virulence in a mouse model
 
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Publishing Date
2019-06-19
 
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