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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.39.2013.tde-19072013-094708
Document
Author
Full name
Luciana Perez Bojikian
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Bohme, Maria Tereza Silveira (President)
Massa, Marcelo
Nunomura, Myrian
Ré, Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai
Santos, Ana Lucia Padrão dos
Title in Portuguese
Processo de formação de atletas de voleibol feminino
Keywords in Portuguese
Talento esportivo
Treinamento a longo prazo
Voleibol
Abstract in Portuguese
A formação de atletas é um fenômeno multidimensional e dinâmico. O objetivo do trabalho foi identificar, em atletas de voleibol feminino, fatores relevantes nesse processo. Para tal foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, com a combinação de métodos quantitativos (análises descritivas, de variância e discriminantes) e qualitativos (entrevistas). Foram utilizados dados de 187 jovens atletas, coletados em 2003. 21 dessas atletas foram entrevistadas em 2012. Desse grupo 10 atletas (grupo SL) permaneciam atuando no alto nível (Superliga Nacional 2011/2012) e 11 atletas não estavam mais atuando na Superliga ou haviam abandonado o esporte (grupo nSL). Comparando as atletas SL com as nSL (em 2003), houve diferença significativa (respectivamente) na estatura (180,2 ± 6,9 e 172,1± 5,6 cm), no alcance de bloqueio (270 e 252 cm), alcance de ataque (277,7 e 261,9 cm) e idade de início no voleibol (11,6 e 10,8 anos). Em 2012 a estatura também foi significativamente maior no grupo SL (184,5 ± 6,9 cm) do que no grupo nSL (175,9 ± 4,6 cm). Na análise de função discriminante stepwise realizada, as variáveis alcance de bloqueio e dobra cutânea abdominal, foram capazes de discriminar as atletas do grupo SL das demais, classificando corretamente 84,7% dos casos do grupo nSL e 90% do grupo SL. Na análise das entrevistas observou-se que há muitas semelhanças entre os grupos, como: praticaram outras modalidades; a maioria das "peneiras" de que participaram foi realizada com bate-bola e jogo; jogaram na categoria acima e se sentiam valorizadas por isso, apesar de cansadas; apontaram a família como principal fonte de apoio; sentiram dificuldades em conciliar o estudo com as obrigações da vida de atleta. As atletas do grupo SL foram mais influenciadas pela família na escolha da modalidade; participaram de vários Campeonatos Brasileiros e algumas seleções brasileiras de base; estão defasadas quanto à escolaridade. Os fatores mais apontados para a permanência das atletas SL no processo foram o retorno financeiro (100%) e o prazer pela prática esportiva (60%). Elas desistiriam da prática caso houvesse problemas com a família (30%), se não tivessem uma boa proposta (20%), e outras, não desistiriam por nada (20%). Os motivos de desistência mais apontados pelas atletas nSL foram os estudos (36,7%) e dificuldades financeiras (27,3%). As atletas valorizam mais os técnicos pelo ensino do voleibol e pelo apoio, no entanto, 30% das atletas SL e 36,4% das nSL, relataram sérios conflitos com estes, a ponto de desistirem. É esperado que a estatura, e variáveis altamente relacionadas a esta, discriminem atletas de níveis diferentes no voleibol, assim como variáveis relacionadas à gordura corporal. No entanto, outros aspectos podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de atletas de talento, como a formação adequada dos técnicos para lidarem com os diferentes aspectos do desenvolvimento das atletas. Manter o prazer pela prática é muito importante e essa condição pode ser favorecida com uma carga de treino e competição adequada. Além disso, a atleta deve ter a oportunidade de estudar e de manter contato com a família, pois é aquela que proporciona o suporte principal
Title in English
Developing process of female volleyball athletes
Keywords in English
Long term training
Sports talent
Volleyball
Abstract in English
The development of athletes is a dynamic multi-dimensional phenomenon. The purpose of this study was identify among female volleyball athletes, relevant factors in this development process. A retrospective study was performed, combining quantitative methods (descriptive, variance and discriminant analysis) with qualitative ones (interviews). Were utilized data from a sample of 187 young athletes, collected in 2003. 21 of these athletes were interviewed in 2012. From this group 10 (SL group) participated in high-level competition on the Brazilian National Championship (season 2011/2012), and 11 (nSL group) were not at Brazilian National Championship or had abandoned the sport. Comparing the athletes from groups SL and nSL (in 2003), there was a significant difference on height, respectively: 180.2 cm and 172.1 cm; on blocking reach: 270 cm and 252 cm; attacking reach: 277.7 and 262.9 cm; and age of start practicing volleyball, respectively 11,6 e 10,8 years old. In 2012 the height was significantly higher too in the SL group (184,5 ± 6,9 cm) than in the nSL group (175,9 ± 4,6 cm). The stepwise discriminant analysis performed, indicated that the blocking reach and subcutaneous abdominal fold were capable of differentiating between SL and nSL groups, correctly labeling 84.7% of nSL cases and 90% of SL ones. Interview analysis showed that are many similarities across the two groups, such as: practice of another sport before volleyball, the majority of selection processes they passed, happened through ball exercises and game, have played with theirs and older teams and felt recognized by it (despite being tired), have family as main support, have difficulties in conciliating studies and practice. SL group athletes had choice volleyball influenced by family; they participated in several Brazilian Young Championships and some played in the young national team; they also fell behind in terms of school/college degrees. SL athletes appointed financial returns (100%) and the volleyball practice joy (60%) as the main factors to continue the practice. They would gave up practicing due to conflicts with family (30%), lack of good contracts (20%), and others said that would never stop (20%). Some nSL athletes had quit due to studies (36.7%) and financial difficulties (27.3%). Athletes value coaches the most for the volleyball knowledge and support. However, the athletes SL (30%) and nSL (36.4%) also reported serious conflicts with coaches, to the point that made them consider quitting. It is expected that height, and all its correlated variables, can identify volleyball athletes of different levels, as well as variables related to body fat. However, other factors can also contribute to the development of talented athletes such as a proper coach training to deal with the different aspects of the development of athletes. It is important that the athlete keep joy in playing, condition that will be favored by adequate level of training and competition. In addition the athlete should have the opportunity to study and keep in touch with family, which is the one that provides the main support
 
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Publishing Date
2013-08-01
 
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