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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.39.2012.tde-16042012-170643
Document
Author
Full name
José Bianco Nascimento Moreira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Brum, Patricia Chakur (President)
Medeiros, Alessandra
Okoshi, Marina Politi
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbio em alta intensidade na musculatura esquelética de ratos infartados
Keywords in Portuguese
Atrofia muscular.
Infarto do miocárdio
Músculo esquelético
Treinamento físico
Abstract in Portuguese
A miopatia esquelética em doenças sistêmicas é um importante preditor de mortalidade e prognóstico em diversas síndromes, incluindo a insuficiência cardíaca. Os danos músculo-esqueléticos em situações de comprometimento cardíaco são descritos pela literatura há décadas, entretanto, nenhum recurso farmacológico proposto até o momento mostrou-se eficiente em reverter esses prejuízos, ressaltando o papel do treinamento físico aeróbio. Apesar dos inegáveis benefícios desta terapia adjuvante no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca, muito pouco se sabe sobre a intensidade de exercício capaz de otimizar os ganhos promovidos por esta intervenção. Dado isso, nesse estudo avaliamos a eficácia do treinamento físico aeróbio em alta intensidade na musculatura esquelética em ratos submetidos ao infarto do miocárdio, comparando-a com protocolo isocalórico realizado em intensidade moderada. Observamos que os animais infartados apresentaram alterações patológicas na musculatura esquelética, similarmente ao observado em pacientes com IC, como prejuízos em enzimas metabólicas fundamentais, atrofia muscular, perturbação da homeostase redox e ativação do complexo proteassomal 26S. Ambos os protocolos de treinamento físico aeróbio foram capazes de aprimorar substancialmente a capacidade funcional e potência aeróbia máxima nos animais infartados, prevenindo a queda da atividade máxima das enzimas hexoquinase e citrato sintase, restaurando a morfologia da musculatura esquelética e aumentando a distribuição de fibras musculares do tipo I, o que foi acompanhado por melhora do balanço redox e redução da atividade do complexo proteassomal 26S. Apesar do treinamento físico aeróbio em alta intensidade ter proporcionado resultados superiores ao protocolo de intensidade moderada em relação a capacidade funcional dos animais, as adaptações músculo-esqueléticas às diferentes intensidades de TFA apresentaram-se muito semelhantes
Title in English
Effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training on skeletal muscle of infarcted rats
Keywords in English
Exercise training
Myocardial infarction
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle atrophy
Abstract in English
Impaired skeletal muscle performance in systemic diseases is shown to strongly predict mortality and long-term prognosis in a wide variety of syndromes, including heart failure. The clinical picture of skeletal muscle damage in cardiac situations has been described for decades. However, no pharmacological strategy proposed so far was shown to effectively prevent the onset of skeletal myopathy, reinforcing the role of aerobic exercise training in counteracting such phenomenon. Despite the well-known benefits of exercise training in sets of cardiac dysfunction, very little is known about the optimal exercise intensity to elicit maximal outcomes. Therefore, in the present study we compared the effects of high-intensity aerobic exercise training with those of an isocaloric moderate-intensity protocol on skeletal muscle adaptations in infarcted rats. Our data suggest that infarcted rats presented signs of skeletal myopathy resembling those observed in HF patients, such as metabolic enzymes impairment, skeletal muscle atrophy, disrupted redox balance and proteasomal overactivation. Here we show that both high- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training were able to substantially increase aerobic capacity in infarcted rats, preventing the decay of citrate synthase and hexokinase maximal activities, reestablishing normal skeletal muscle morphology to a healthy profile and increasing the number of type I muscle fibers. Such outcomes were accompanied by an improved redox balance and reduced proteasomal activity in skeletal muscle. Even though high-intensity aerobic interval training was superior to moderate-intensity in improving functional capacity, the observed adaptations in skeletal muscle were remarkably similar between the protocols. Therefore, our data allow us to conclude that high-intensity and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training equally prevent skeletal myopathy induced by myocardial infarction in rats
 
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Publishing Date
2012-04-24
 
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