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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2010.tde-19112010-115232
Document
Author
Full name
Antonio Carlos Bastos de Godoi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Ramírez Fernandez, Francisco Javier (President)
Ballester, Gerson
Justo Filho, João Francisco
Title in Portuguese
Detecção de potenciais evocados P300 para ativação de uma interface cérebro-máquina.
Keywords in Portuguese
BCI
BMI
Interface cérebro-computador
Interface cérebro-máquina
Máquina de vetor de suporte
P300
SVM
Tecnologia assistiva
Abstract in Portuguese
Interfaces cérebro-computador ou Interfaces cérebro-máquina (BCIs/BMIs do inglês Brain-computer interface/Brain-machine interface) são dispositivos que permitem ao usuário interagir com o ambiente ao seu redor sem que seja necessário ativar seus músculos esqueléticos. Estes dispositivos são de extrema valia para indivíduos portadores de deficiências motoras. Esta dissertação ambiciona revisar a literatura acerca de BMIs e expor diferentes técnicas de pré-processamento, extração de características e classificação de sinais neurofisiológicos. Em particular, uma maior ênfase será dada à Máquina de vetor de suporte (SVM do inglês Support-Vector machine), método de classificação baseado no princípio da minimização do risco estrutural. Será apresentado um estudo de caso, que ilustra o funcionamento de uma BMI, a qual permite ao usuário escolher um dentre seis objetos mostrados em uma tela de computador. Esta capacidade da BMI é conseqüência da implementação, através da SVM de um sistema capaz de detectar o potencial evocado P300 nos sinais de eletroencefalograma (EEG). A simulação será realizada em Matlab usando, como sinais de entrada, amostras de EEG de quatro indivíduos saudáveis e quatro deficientes. A análise estatística mostrou que o bom desempenho obtido pela BMI (80,73% de acerto em média) foi promovido pela aplicação da média coerente aos sinais, o que melhorou a relação sinal-ruído do EEG.
Title in English
Brain-computer interface based on P300 event-related potential detection.
Keywords in English
Assistive technology
AT
BCI
BMI
Brain-computer interface
Brain-machine interface
P300
Support-vector machine
SVM
Abstract in English
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) or Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) technology provide users with the ability to communicate and control their environment without employing normal output pathway of peripheral nerves and muscles. This technology can be especially valuable for highly paralyzed patients. This thesis reviews BMI research, techniques for preprocessing, feature extracting and classifying neurophysiological signals. In particular, emphasis will be given to Support-Vector Machine (SVM), a classification technique, which is based on structural risk minimization. Additionally, a case study will illustrate the working principles of a BMI which analyzes electroencephalographic signals in the time domain as means to decide which one of the six images shown on a computer screen the user chose. The images were selected according to a scenario where users can control six electrical appliances via a BMI system. This was done by exploiting the Support-Vector Machine ability to recognize a specific EEG pattern (the so-called P300). The study was conducted offline within the Matlab environment and used EEG datasets recorded from four disabled and four able-bodied subjects. A statistical survey of the results has shown that the good performance attained (80,73%) was due to signal averaging method, which enhanced EEG signal-to-noise ratio.
 
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Publishing Date
2010-12-09
 
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