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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2008.tde-11082008-142151
Document
Author
Full name
Daniel Orquiza de Carvalho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Alayo Chávez, Marco Isaías (President)
Borges, Ben-Hur Viana
Kassab, Luciana Reyes Pires
Title in Portuguese
Estudo e desenvolvimento de guias de onda ARROW, com camadas anti-ressonantes de a-SiC:H e TiOx, para aplicação em dispositivos de óptica integrada.
Keywords in Portuguese
Métodos de fabricação em microeletrônica
Óptica integrada
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho, foram fabricados guias de onda ARROW (Anti-Resonant Reflecting optical waveguides), através da utilização de filmes finos, de materiais amorfos, obtidos pelas técnicas de Deposição Química a vapor assistida por plasma (PECVD) e Sputtering. Pelo fato de o funcionamento destes guias ser bastante dependente da geometria e das propriedades ópticas dos materiais, foram realizadas simulações utilizando o Método de Matrizes de Transferência (TMM) e o Método de Diferenças Finitas com Reticulado Não Uniforme (NU-FDM) para a determinação dos parâmetros geométricos destas estruturas. Na fabricação, foram utilizados filmes de oxinitreto de silício (SiOxNy) e carbeto de silício amorfo hidrogenado (a-SiC:H), depositados por PECVD, à temperatura de 320°C, e filmes de TiOx depositados por Sputtering, para a fabricação das camadas que compõem os guias de onda. Os filmes de a-SiC:H e TiOx foram utilizados como primeira camada anti-ressonante, possuindo espessuras de 0,322 µm e 86,3 nm, respectivamente. A definição das paredes laterais dessas estruturas foi feita através da Corrosão por Plasma Reativo (RIE) utilizando técnicas fotolitográficas convencionais. Os guias de onda ARROW foram caracterizados em termos de perdas por propagação, para o comprimento de onda de 633 nm, utilizando a técnica de clivagem e a técnica de vista superior. As perdas em função do comprimento de onda para a faixa que vai desde o ultravioleta até o infravermelho próximo (200 nm a 1100 nm) também foram medidas utilizando fonte de luz branca, monocromador e medidor de potência óptica. Além disso, a análise modal dos guias de onda foi feita através de imagens obtidas através de uma objetiva de microscópio e de uma câmera CCD (Charge Coupled Device). Os resultados mostram que é possível obter guias monomodo, com baixas atenuações, tendo se conseguido valores entre 0,8 e 3 dB/cm, para o comprimento de onda de 633 nm. Isso possibilita, no futuro, a fabricação de diversos dispositivos, como sensores interferométricos, sensores químicos baseados em absorção óptica, redes de Bragg, entre outros.
Title in English
Study and development of ARROW waveguides with a-SiC:H e TiOx anti-resonant layers for integrated optics applications.
Keywords in English
Integrated optics
Microelectronics fabrication methods
Abstract in English
In this work, Anti-Resonant Reflecting Optical Waveguides (ARROW) were fabricated using thin amorphous films, obtained by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and Sputtering techniques. Since these waveguides are highly dependent on its geometry and on the optical properties of the materials used, simulations using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), and the Non-Uniform Finite Difference Method (NU-FDM), were necessary, for the determination of the geometric parameters of these structures. Silicon oxynitride films (SiOxNy), amorphous hydrogenated silicon carbide films (a-SiC:H), both deposited at a temperature of 320°C, and TiOx films, deposited by Sputtering technique, were used in the fabrication of the layers of the waveguides. The a-SiC:H and the TiOx films were used as first ARROW layer, having thicknesses of 0,322 µm and 86,3 nm, respectively. Also, the definition of the sidewalls of the waveguide was achieved using Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) and conventional lithographic techniques. The waveguides were characterized in terms of propagation losses, for working wavelength of 633 nm, by using the cut-back and the top view techniques. The losses as a function of working wavelength, for the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared regions (200 nm to 1100 nm), were also measured using a white light source, a monocromator and an optical power meter. Furthermore, modal analysis was achieved by using images captured by a Charge Coupled Device (CCD) camera, using a microscope objetctive. Results proved the possibility of obtaining single-mode waveguides with relatively low losses, with values around 0.8 and 3 dB/cm, for working wavelength of 633 nm. This are promising results which indicate the possibility of using these waveguides for the fabrication of many devices such as interferometric sensors, chemical sensors based on optical absorption, Bragg gratings, among others.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-08-14
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • Carvalho, D. O., and Alayo, M. I. a-SiC:H anti-resonant layer ARROW waveguides [doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/10/104002]. Journal of Optics. A, Pure and Applied Optics [online], 2008, vol. 10, p. 104002.
  • Martins, G. S. P., Carvalho, D. O., and Alayo, M. I. Tunable Bragg Filter Using Silicon Compound Films [doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2007.09.064]. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids [online], 2008, vol. 354, p. 2816-2820.
  • Carvalho, D. O., et al. Experiência de Ensino no Laboratório de Electrónica II. In XXXV Congresso Brasileiro de Educação em Engenharia, Curitiba - Paraná, 2007. Anais do XXXV Congresso Brasileiro de Educação em Engenharia., 2007.
  • Carvalho, D. O., et al. Study of ARROW Waveguide Fabrication Process for Improving Scattering Losses. In 6th Ibero-American Congress on Sensors - IBERSENSORS 2008, São Paulo, 2008. Proceedings of the 6th IBERSENSORS 2008., 2008.
  • Carvalho, D. O., et al. Towards integration of light sources and optical devices on a silicon substrate. In XV Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Sistemas - INTERCON 2008, Trujillo - Peru, 2008. Proceedings del 15th Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica y Sistemas - INTERCON 2008., 2008.
  • Carvalho, D. O., and Alayo, M. I. ARROW Waveguides Fabricated with SiOxNy and a-SiC:H Films. In 6th Ibero-American Conference on Optics (RIAO); 9th Latin-American Meeting on Optics, Lasers and Applications (OPTILAS), Campinas, São Paulo, 2007. Proceedings of the 6th Ibero-American Conference on Optics (RIAO) and 9th Latin-American Meeting on Optics, Lasers and Applications (OPTILAS).New York - USA : American Institute of Physics, 2007.
  • Carvalho, D. O., and Alayo, M. I. TiO2 Anti-resonant Layer ARROW Waveguide. In 23rd Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices - SBMicro 2008, Gramado, RS, 2008. Microelectronics Technology and Devices - SBMicro 2008.New Jersey : Electrochemical Society Transactions, 2008.
  • Martins, G. S. P., Carvalho, D. O., and Alayo, M. I. Tunable Bragg Filter Using Silicon Oxynitride Films. In 22nd International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors (ICANS 22), Colorado - USA, 2007. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Amorphous and Nanocrystalline Semiconductors (ICANS 22)., 2007. Abstract.
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