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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2018.tde-05032018-144932
Document
Author
Full name
Leticia Mara de Souza Almeida Barrere
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Tomi, Giorgio Francesco Cesare de (President)
Bettencourt, Jorge Silva
Lima, Gabriel Alves da Costa
Title in Portuguese
Aplicações de técnicas de desmonte escultural em maciços rochosos fraturados para melhorias na segurança operacional.
Keywords in Portuguese
Desmonte de rochas
Desmonte escultural
Maciço rochoso
Mineração
Abstract in Portuguese
Pedreiras que sofreram uma extração precária ou sem planejamento no passado, apresentam, atualmente, áreas de riscos operacionais ligadas, sobretudo, à geotecnia dos taludes. Desmontes esculturais são aplicados na indústria mineral visando a melhorias nas questões ambientais e geotécnicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar técnicas de desmontes esculturais para solucionar problemas na segurança operacional, os quais são relacionados diretamente com a instabilidade das bancadas. Além disso, identificar a relação da qualidade do maciço rochoso no resultado do desmonte e a viabilidade desse projeto nas questões técnicas e econômicas. Os desmontes experimentais foram aplicados em uma mina de calcário da Região Metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo, modificando a geometria do plano de fogo e o carregamento dos furos. O desempenho dos experimentos foi medido a partir de indicadores de performance, os quais serão relacionados com um mapa de distribuição do RQD da parede da bancada, construído a partir de um mapeamento geomecânico. A viabilidade do projeto foi dimensionada a partir de parâmetros operacionais, de segurança e econômico. As análises mostraram que as regiões que apresentaram o maior valor de RDQ tiveram o melhor resultado no desmonte, comprovando, assim, a influência da qualidade do maciço na qualidade do desmonte. Apesar de o desmonte escultural aumentar o custo anual do empreendimento, os impactos positivos gerados na segurança e na operação são significativos: redução no volume de matacos e na geração de blocos soltos na parede da bancada, menor tempo de carregamento dos caminhões e queda do efeito backbreak. Os resultados dos experimentos também mostram que a aplicação do desmonte escultural pode ser uma solução aos problemas nas áreas de riscos do empreendimento. Com isso, há um aumento na vida útil da cava e o incremento no custo torna-se um investimento no negócio, tornando o projeto viável.
Title in English
Application of contour blasting techniques on fractured rock mass to improve operational safety.
Keywords in English
Contour blasting
Operational safety
Rock mass quality
Abstract in English
Precarious material extraction or unplanned exploitation of quarries in the past resulted today in many operational problems of entire zones of those sites, mainly because of slopes instability. Contour blasting is applied in mining industry to respond to environmental and geotechnical-related issues. The objective of this work is thus to apply contour blasting techniques to solve problems related to operational safety, which are directly related to slopes instability. The strong impact of rock mass quality on the results of blasting as well as on technical and economic sustainability of the project is also stressed out in this study. Blasting experiments were performed in a calcareous mine in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (Brazil). Parameters such as blasting pattern and hole loading have been modified. The efficiency of those tests was then measured with key performance indicators and compared to the distribution of RQD values at the surface of the slope, which was mapped thanks to a preliminary geomechanical study. The assessment of project sustainability was based on operational, safety and economic parameters. The analysis of the results showed that regions with a higher RQD presented a better blasting efficiency, which proved the importance of the rock mass quality on the blasting quality. In spite of representing a higher annual cost than regular blasting techniques, contour blasting has a significant positive impact on safety and operations: reduction in volume of over rock blocks, decreasing number of loose blocks at the surface of the slope, decreasing duration of truck loading and less backbreak effect. The experimental results thus showed that the application of contour blasting can be a solution in risk-exposed areas of a quarry as it enables to increase the operating life of the site, which turns the higher cost of contour blasting into a durable investment and improves the sustainability of the project.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-03-08
 
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