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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2018.tde-17072018-152706
Document
Author
Full name
Leidy Julieth Hernandez Buitrago
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Guilherme Frederico Bernardo Lenz e (President)
Fredericci, Catia
Mantovani, Mário Cesar
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação microestrutural, cinética e mecânica do comportamento de pelotas auto-redutoras a base de resíduos de aciaria elétrica contendo zinco do processo Waelz.
Keywords in Portuguese
Impactos ambientais
Metalurgia ferrosa
Pelotas auto-redutoras
Resíduos (Tratamento)
Zinco (Reciclagem)
Abstract in Portuguese
Durante a produção do aço a partir da fusão de sucatas em fornos elétricos a arco é gerado entre 10 e 20 kg de resíduos por cada tonelada de aço fundido constituídos por fumos e poeiras contendo óxidos principalmente de ferro, zinco, cálcio e chumbo, tornando-os altamente perigosos e tóxicos. Na procura de uma solução para mitigar problemas de descarte desses resíduos, propõe-se a aglomeração da poeira de aciaria elétrica (PAE) na forma de pelotas auto-redutoras. Essas últimas, são tratadas termicamente pelo processo Waelz o qual consiste em um forno rotativo, alimentado pelas pelotas, e que recupera o zinco por meio de reações metalúrgicas de redução e oxidação. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o comportamento cinético e mecânico bem como as mudanças microestruturais, através do planejamento fatorial fracionário de experimentos tipo 3III(4-2), variando aglomerante, redutor, temperatura e basicidade binária. As técnicas empregadas para caracterização foram: MEV, EDS, DRX, FRX, DTA-TG, análise C-N-H e análise granulométrica a laser. A PAE estudada apresenta 37, 50 % de ferro na forma de hematita e 19, 40 % de zinco na forma de zincita. A maior parte das partículas apresentaram uma morfologia esférica com tamanho aproximado de 1 ?m. Através do método de tempo reduzido foram testados os modelos: (i) modelo de reação química de interface-simetria esférica, (ii) modelo exponencial de reação contínua e (ii) modelo do núcleo não reagido; resultando em um comportamento cinético com a combinação dos dois primeiros modelos. Entre 800 e 950 °C, foi detectada a formação de agulhas de óxido de zinco com impurezas de cloretos e chumbo. Os estudos do comportamento mecânico, após os tratamentos térmicos, apontaram para todas as temperaturas, um melhor comportamento no caso das pelotas aglomeradas com xarope de glicose e Ca(OH)2.
Title in English
Microstructural evaluation, kinetic and mechanical behavior of self reducing pellet electric steelmaking waste base containing zinc by Waelz process.
Keywords in English
EAF dust agglomeration
Recovery of zinc
Self-reducing pellets
Treatment of steelmaking waste
Waelz process
Abstract in English
Steel production from scrap melting in electric arc furnaces, generates about 10 to 20 kg of waste per metric ton of molten steel, which are composed by fumes and dust containing mainly oxides of iron, zinc, calcium and lead. Thus, these residues are highly dangerous and toxic. To find ecofriendly solutions and mitigate problems of the solid waste, it was proposed to agglomerate electric steel dust (PAE) in the form of self-reducing pellets. The latter are thermally treated by the Waelz process, which consists of a rotary kiln fed by the pellets, recovering the zinc by means of reduction and oxidation metallurgical reactions. In this study, kinetic and mechanical behavior, as well as microstructural changes, were evaluated by fractional factorial design of type 3III experiments (4-2), varying: binder, reducer, temperature and binary basicity. Chemical and microstructural characterization were performed using: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction XRD, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (FRX), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric (DTA/TG), elemental analysis C-N-H and laser granulometric analysis. The PAE studied presented 37. 50 % of iron in the form of hematite and 19. 40 % of zinc in the form of zincite. Most of the particles showed a spherical morphology of ~1 ?m in size. Using the time-reduced method, the following models were tested: (i) spherical interface-symmetry reaction model; (ii) exponential continuous reaction model; and (ii) unreacted core model. The results obtained showed a kinetic behavior with the combination of the first two models. At 800 and 950 °C the formation of zinc oxide needles was observed, in which was detected chloride and lead impurities. Mechanical behavior studies after the heat treatments showed that the pellets agglomerated with glucose syrup and Ca(OH)2 presented the best behavior at all temperatures.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-26
 
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