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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2013.tde-14122014-173245
Document
Author
Full name
Luis Bernardo Varela Jimenez
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2013
Supervisor
Committee
Tschiptschin, André Paulo (President)
Landgraf, Fernando José Gomes
Scandian, Cherlio
Title in Portuguese
Estudo dos micromecanismos de dano por cativação em aço inoxidável UNS S 31803 de alto teor de nitrogênio com e sem encruamento.
Keywords in Portuguese
Aço inoxidável
Cavitação
Desgaste dos materiais
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho pretende-se estabelecer relações entre a micro e a nanoestrutura e a resistência à erosão-cavitação em aços inoxidáveis com alto teor de nitrogênio. Estas relações serão determinadas através do estudo dos mecanismos de deformação plástica e degradação observado nas superfícies e na micro e nanoestrutura durante ensaios de cavitação vibracional. As amostras do aço inoxidável duplex UNS S31803, com aproximadamente 0,9% N em peso, foram obtidas por nitretação gasosa em alta temperatura, divididas em amostras com nitrogênio em solução sólida e solubilizadas e amostras com nitrogênio em solução sólida e encruadas. As amostras de ensaio foram submetidas à cavitação vibratória em água destilada. Os mecanismos de dano que operam nas diferentes etapas do desgaste foram analisados utilizando microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV) para diferentes tempos de ensaio, analisando sempre o mesmo local através da perda de massa. A partir dos resultados obtidos nesse trabalho, observa-se que as amostras com nitrogênio em solução sólida e solubilizadas (318HTGN+Sol), e as laminadas (318HTGN+Enc), apresentaram taxa de desgaste 16 e 172 vezes menores, respectivamente, comparadas com o aço AISI 304L solubilizado. Por outro lado, a amostra do aço nitretado, com nitrogênio em solução sólida e solubilizado (318HTGN+Sol), e as laminadas (318HTGN+Enc), apresentaram taxa de desgaste 2 e 17 vezes menores, respectivamente, comparadas com o aço AISI 304L encruado. Foi possível constatar um aumento considerável do tempo de incubação, o que permitiu, de forma detalhada, acompanhar os mecanismos de deformação e evidenciar nos primeiros estágios da cavitação a formação de bandas de escorregamento. Foi possível, também, observar como os contornos de grão ou de macla, locais preferenciais de nucleação do dano, atuam quando comparados com danos no interior dos grãos.
Title in English
Study of micromechanics of cavitation damage in UNS S 31803 high nitrogen stainless steel with and without work hardening.
Keywords in English
Cavitation
Stainless steel
Wear of Materials
Abstract in English
This work aims to establish relationships between micro and nanostructure and cavitation-erosion resistance in high nitrogen stainless steels. These relations will be determined through the study of plastic deformation mechanisms and surface damage, as well as micro and nanostructure during vibratory cavitation testing. An UNS S 31803 samples with 0.9 N (%wt) were obtained by high temperature gas nitriding. Two sample groups were obtained: solubilized in solid solution and solubilized and work hardened. Vibratory cavitation tests were performed in distilled water. The damage mechanisms operating in different stages of wear were analyzed for different times in the same location using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mass losses were periodically measured during the cavitation-erosion tests. From the results, it was observed that the (318HTGN+Sol) samples, with nitrogen in solid solution showed wear rates 16.1 times smaller compared to those of the solubilized UNS S30403 steel. The work-hardened (318HTGN+Enc) samples showed wear rates 172.4 times smaller than UNS S30403specimens. The comparison of the 318HTGN+Sol samples with the work-hardened 304L+Enc specimens showed wear rates 2 times smaller, while the 318HTGN+Enc samples showed a wear rate 17 times smaller. Finally, a considerable increase of incubation time was readily observed, which allowed the detailed observation of the deformation mechanisms and the identification of the slip bands formation during the early stages of cavitation erosion. Additionally it was possible to observe the way the grain boundaries and twin boundaries are damaged, acting as preferential sites where the damage initially occurs.
 
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DISS_LuisVarela.pdf (7.57 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2015-01-13
 
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