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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2008.tde-05082009-165838
Document
Author
Full name
Caio Parra Dantas Coelho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Demarquette, Nicole Raymonde (President)
Santos, Amilton Martins dos
Valera, Ticiane Sanches
Title in Portuguese
Obtenção e caracterização de nanocompósitos de poliestireno e argilas esmectíticas.
Keywords in Portuguese
Argilas
Nanocompositos
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho foram preparados nanocompósitos de Poliestireno (PS) e argilas organofílicas. As argilas, inicialmente hidrofílicas, foram modificadas organicamente utilizando três sais quaternários de amônio diferentes: Cloreto de hexadecil trimetil amônio (CTAC), Cloreto de alquil dimetil benzil amônio (Dodigen) e Cloreto de dimetil dioctadecil amônio (Praepagen). A argila organofílica Cloisite 20A foi também utilizada neste estudo. Os nanocompósitos foram preparados por intercalação no polímero fundido por três técnicas diferentes: adição de argila em suspensão de álcool etílico por uma bomba dosadora de líquidos durante a extrusão, adição de argila em pó por um alimentador mecânico durante a extrusão e adição de suspensão de argila em álcool etílico durante obtenção por batelada. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X (DRX), microscopia óptica (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) e ensaios reológicos de Cisalhamento Oscilatório de Pequenas Amplitudes (COPA). As propriedades térmicas foram analisadas por análise termogravimétrica (TG) e as propriedades mecânicas foram analisadas por ensaios de tração e impacto Izod. As três técnicas se mostraram eficazes na preparação dos nanocompósitos, e seus resultados apresentaram uma similaridade muito grande. Os resultados de DRX e microscopia mostraram que a maioria dos nanocompósitos apresentou estruturas compostas de fases intercaladas e esfoliadas. As análises térmicas mostraram que a adição de argila ao PS o tornou mais estável termicamente, suportando maiores temperaturas antes de iniciar o processo de degradação. Os ensaios reológicos de COPA e ensaios mecânicos dos nanocompósitos obtidos não apresentaram grandes variações em relação ao PS puro.
Title in English
Obtention and characterization of polystyrene/clay nanocomposites.
Keywords in English
Clay
Nanocomposites
Abstract in English
In this work nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) and organophilic clays were prepared. The clays were organically modified using three different ammonium quaternary salts: cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (commercial name: CTAC), alquildimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (commercial name: Dodigen) and distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (commercial name: Praepagen). The organoclay Cloisite 20 A was also used in this work. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt intercalation using three different techniques: adding the organoclay as a diluted organic solvent supension to the extruder using a motor-driven metering pump, adding the organoclay as powder to the extruder using a mechanical feeder and adding the organoclay as a diluted organic solvent suspension to the mixer. The materials obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by rheological studies through small amplitude oscillatory shear tests (SAOS). The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetrical analyses (TG) and the mechanical properties were studied by tensile and impact Izod strength tests. The three techniques were efficient to prepare nanocomposites, and their results were very similar. The DRX and microscopy results showed that the most nanocomposites presented structures composed by intercalated and exfoliated phases. The thermal analyses showed that the addition of organoclay turned PS more thermally stable, increasing their degradation temperatures. The results of rheological studies (SAOS) and the mechanical tests did not present significant variations compared to the neat PS.
 
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Agradecimentos.pdf (11.22 Kbytes)
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Publishing Date
2009-08-14
 
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