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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.25.2014.tde-17072014-085742
Document
Author
Full name
Karen Henriette Pinke
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Bauru, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Lara, Vanessa Soares (President)
Buzalaf, Camila Peres
Venturini, James
Title in Portuguese
Participação dos mastócitos e seus receptores TLR2 e dectina-1 na defesa contra Candida albicans: fagocitose e produção/liberação de óxido nítrico e de peróxido de hidrogênio
Keywords in Portuguese
C. albicans
Fagocitose
Mastócitos
Óxido nítrico
Peróxido de hidrogênio
Receptores de reconhecimento de padrão
Abstract in Portuguese
Candida albicans (C. albicans) constitui um fungo comum nas mucosas do trato gastrointestinal, incluindo cavidade bucal, que pode ocasionar candidose local ou invasiva, principalmente em estados de imunossupressão. Os mecanismos de defesa contra este fungo podem ser desencadeados pela ligação dos receptores de reconhecimento de padrões, TLR2 e dectina-1, aos seus ligantes, como a fosfolipomanana e os -glucanos encontrados na parede celular de C. albicans. Os mastócitos possuem estes receptores em sua membrana celular e residem nas interfaces com o ambiente, podendo constituir umas das primeiras linhas de defesa. Seus mecanismos imunes incluem síntese e secreção de mediadores, apresentação de antígenos, bem como atividades fagocitária e microbicida. Todos estes mecanismos de defesa podem ser desencadeados de forma independente ou cooperativa entre os receptores TLR2 e dectina-1. Deste modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a ocorrência de fagocitose, a geração de óxido nítrico e peróxido de hidrogênio pelos mastócitos desafiados ou não com C. albicans, e a participação do TLR2 e dectina-1 nesses eventos. Para isto, mastócitos, diferenciados da medula óssea (BMMCs) de camundongos selvagens (BMMCs Wt) ou TLR2-/- (BMMCs TLR2-/-) foram desafiados com C. albicans. Células eram também bloqueadas in vitro com anticorpos específicos anti-dectina-1(BMMCs BD-1 e BMMCs TLR2-/-/BD-1). Os eventos foram analisados por meio de ensaio fluorescente de fagocitose, método colorimétrico de Griess e pelos kits DAF-FM diacetato, Cell Rox Deep e Amplex Red. Os resultados foram expressos através de porcentagem, valores médios e desvios padrão, obtidos a partir de pelo menos três experimentos independentes. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do teste ANOVA fatorial, seguido de Fischer. Entre os BMMCs Wt, houve maior taxa de fagocitose com uma maior produção intracelular de NO aos 60 minutos em comparação aos outros tempos. A liberação extracelular de NO foi maior aos 120 minutos em relação aos outros tempos. O número de leveduras fagocitadas aumentou com o tempo, porém com diferença significante somente entre os tempos de 30 e 120 minutos. Entre os BMMCs TLR2-/-, houve maior número de leveduras fagocitadas aos 60 minutos em comparação aos 120 minutos. Porém, a liberação extracelular de NO foi menor aos 60 minutos em relação aos outros tempos. Comparando-se com os BMMCs Wt, os BMMCs TLR2-/- apresentaram uma redução na taxa de fagocitose, aos 60 minutos, menor liberação de NO extracelular, em todos os tempos, e menor número de leveduras fagocitadas aos 120 minutos. Comparando-se com os BMMCs Wt, os BMMCs BD-1 e os BMMCs TLR2-/-/BD-1 apresentaram uma redução na taxa de fagocitose com uma menor produção intracelular de NO, aos 60 minutos, e menor liberação de NO extracelular, aos 60 e 120 minutos. Comparando-se com os BMMCs Wt, os BMMCs TLR2-/-/BD-1 apresentaram uma maior produção de NO intracelular, aos 30 minutos, e menor número de leveduras fagocitadas aos 60 e 120 minutos. Sendo assim, concluímos que os mastócitos são capazes de fagocitar C. albicans com concomitante produção de substâncias potencialmente candidacidas. Concluímos também que estes mecanismos envolvem o reconhecimento do fungo via TLR2 e dectina-1, principalmente de forma sinérgica.
Title in English
Participation of mast cells and its TLR2 and dectin-1 receptors in defense against C. albicans: phagocytosis and production/release of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide
Keywords in English
C. albicans
Hydrogen Peroxide
Mast cells
Nitric Oxide
Pattern Recognition
Phagocytosis
Receptors
Abstract in English
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is a common fungus present in gastrointestinal tract mucosa including oral cavity, which may cause local or invasive candidiasis, especially in immunosuppression. The mechanisms of defense against this fungus may be triggered by the binding of the pattern recognition receptors TLR2 and dectin-1 to its ligands, such as phospholipomannan and -glucans found in the cell wall of C. albicans. Mast cells express these receptors on cell membrane and reside in the interfaces with the environment, and may be one of the first lines of defense. Their immune mechanisms include synthesis and secretion of mediators, antigen presentation, as well as phagocytic and microbicidal activities. These mechanisms can be triggered independently or cooperatively by TLR2 and dectin-1. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro the phagocytosis, the generation of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide by mast cells challenged or not with C. albicans, and the involvement of TLR2 and dectin-1 receptors in these mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived mast cell (BMMCs) from wild type mice (BMMCs Wt) or TLR2-/- (BMMCs TLR2-/-) was challenge with C. albicans. Cells were also in vitro blocked with specific anti-dectin-1 antibodies (BMMCs BD-1 and BMMCs TLR2-/-BD-1). The mechanisms were analyzed using fluorescent phagocytosis assay, Griess colorimetric method and by DAF-FM diacetate, CellRox® Deep Reagent and Amplex® Red enzyme assays. Results were expressed by percentage, mean and standard deviations obtained from the least three independent experiments. Statistic was performed using factorial ANOVA and Fischer. Among BMMCs Wt, there was higher phagocytosis rate associated with increased intracellular NO production at 60 minutes, comparing to other periods. The extracellular release of NO was higher at 120 minutes comparing to other periods. The number of phagocytized yeasts increased over time, however with significant difference only among the 30 and 120 minutes. Among BMMCs TLR2-/-, there was higher number of phagocytized yeast at 60 minutes compared to 120 minutes. However, the extracellular release of NO at 60 minutes was lower comparing to other periods. In comparison to BMMCs Wt, the BMMCs TLR2-/- showed a reduction in the phagocytosis rate, at 60 minutes, lower release of extracellular NO, at all times, and fewer numbers of phagocytized yeast at 120 minutes. Compared to BMMCs Wt, the BMMCs BD-1 and BMMCs TLR2-/-/BD-1 showed a reduction in the phagocytosis rate with lower intracellular NO production, at 60 minutes, and decrease of extracellular NO release, at 60 and 120 minutes. Comparing to BMMCs Wt, the BMMCs TLR2-/-/BD-1 showed increased production of intracellular NO, after 30 minutes, and fewer phagocytized yeast, at 60 and 120 minutes. Therefore, we conclude that mast cells are able to phagocytose C. albicans with concomitant production of the potentially microbicidal substances. Also conclude that these mechanisms involve the fungal recognition via TLR2 and dectin-1, especially by means of synergistic way.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-07-17
 
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