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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.25.2017.tde-22062017-210043
Document
Author
Full name
Amanda Gabriela de Oliveira
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Bauru, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Silverio, Kelly Cristina Alves (President)
Fabron, Eliana Maria Gradim
Fukushiro, Ana Paula
Wolf, Aline Epiphanio
Title in Portuguese
Efeito imediato da estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) associada à Lax Vox na voz, dor e atividade elétrica muscular de mulheres disfônicas: estudo clínico, randomizado e cego
Keywords in Portuguese
Disfonia
Estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea
Qualidade da voz
Retroalimentação
Treinamento da voz
Voz
Abstract in Portuguese
Esse estudo investigou os efeitos imediatos da TENS, TENS placebo, TENS e Lax Vox e TENS placebo e Lax Vox nos sintomas vocais, laríngeos e de dor, bem como na qualidade vocal e na atividade muscular de mulheres disfônicas e comparou essas etapas de intervenção. Participaram 10 mulheres (18 a 45 anos), com disfonia comportamental. Todas realizaram quatro etapas de intervenção randomizadas: TENS (200 s, 10 Hz, limiar motor, 20 minutos, eletrodos bilaterais: região submandibular e trapézio-fibras descendentes); TENS placebo (mesmas condições que TENS; aparelho em mínima intensidade); TENS e Lax Vox (após TENS, dez minutos de sopro sonorizado com Lax Vox - pitch habitual e glissando ascendente) e TENS placebo e Lax Vox. Antes e após cada etapa foram realizadas avaliações: questionários sobre intensidade de sintomas vocais/laríngeos/dor, gravação vocal (/a/, contagem) e eletromiografia de superfície dos músculos trapézio-fibras descendentes (TFD), esternocleidomastóideos (ECM), infra-hióideos e supra-hióideos. Após a TENS houve diminuição da intensidade da maioria dos sintomas, tanto quanto após TENS e Lax Vox. Porém, somente após a TENS houve melhora da dor ao falar (p=0,027) e ao engolir (p=0,020). A TENS reduziu intensidade dos sintomas pigarro (p=0,050) e falhas na voz (p=0,020) assim como TENS e Lax Vox; também houve melhora de: pigarro (p=0,010) e falhas na voz (p=0,020). Após a TENS placebo e Lax Vox houve diminuição da intensidade de grande parte dos sintomas e de voz grossa (p=0,035) e tosse seca (p=0,012), esses últimos também após TENS e Lax Vox (p=0,036; p=0,018, respectivamente). A TENS diminuiu a intensidade de dor nos ombros (p=0,041), parte superior das costas (p=0,032) e temporal (p=0,035), como as demais etapas. A TENS placebo reduziu a intensidade de dor de muitas regiões corporais. Após TENS placebo e Lax Vox houve diminuição da intensidade de dor da maior parte das regiões corporais, inclusive laringe (p=0,028). Após TENS placebo e Lax Vox, houve melhora de 40% do grau geral da qualidade vocal (/a/), após TENS e Lax Vox, de 50% (contagem). A análise acústica revelou aumento do jitter (p=0,009) e variação da frequência fundamental (p=0,012) após TENS placebo. A eletromiografia revelou aumento da atividade elétrica após TENS no ECM direito no repouso (p=0,036); aumento da atividade no TFD esquerdo na contagem (p=0,046) após TENS placebo e Lax Vox. Na comparação entre etapas, a TENS associada à Lax Vox diminuiu a atividade elétrica no TFD esquerdo, enquanto TENS placebo e Lax Vox, aumentou (p=0,045) na contagem; na vogal /a/ a TENS placebo associada à Lax Vox diminuiu a atividade elétrica para TFD esquerdo, enquanto que a TENS aumentou (p=0,040); a TENS placebo foi a etapa que mais diminuiu a atividade elétrica no repouso, em comparação com: TENS e Lax Vox e TENS (p=0,015). Como conclusão, a TENS e Lax Vox e a TENS placebo e Lax Vox trouxeram mais benefícios. Apenas uma aplicação das etapas de intervenção fonoaudiológica não atuou de forma homogênea sobre as características da atividade elétrica dos músculos avaliados.
Title in English
Immediate effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) associated with Lax Vox on the voice, pain and muscular electrical activity of dysphonic women: clinical, randomized and blind study
Keywords in English
Dysphonia
Feedback
Transcutaneos electrical stimulation nerve
Voice
Voice quality
Voice Training
Abstract in English
This study investigated the immediate effects of TENS, placebo TENS, TENS and Lax Vox and placebo and Lax Vox TENS on vocal, laryngeal and pain symptoms, as well as vocal quality and muscle activity of dysphonic women and compared these intervention steps. Participated 10 women (from 18 to 45 years old), with behavioral dysphonia. All performed four randomized intervention steps: TENS (200 s, 10 Hz, motor threshold, 20 minutes, bilateral electrodes: submandibular region and trapezoid-downward fibers); TENS placebo (same conditions as TENS; apparatus in minimal intensity); TENS and Lax Vox (after TENS, ten minutes of blowing sound with Lax Vox - usual pitch and upward bass to treble variation) and TENS placebo and Lax Vox. Before and after each stage, evaluations were performed: questionnaires on intensity of vocal/laryngeal symptoms/pain, vocal recording (/a/, counting) and surface electromyography of the trapezius-descending fibers (PDT), sternocleidomastoid (ECM) Hyoids and supra-hyoids. After TENS there was a decrease in the intensity of most symptoms as much as after TENS and Lax Vox. However, only after the TENS there was an reduction in pain when speaking (p=0.027) and swallowing (p=0.020). The TENS reduced the intensity of the choking symptoms (p=0.050) and speech failures (p=0.020) as well as TENS and Lax Vox; there was also reduction of: clearing (p=0.010) and voice failures (p=0.020). After TENS, placebo and Lax Vox, there was a decrease in the intensity of a large number of symptoms, including low voice (p=0.035) and dry cough (p=0.012), also these last ones after TENS and Lax Vox (p=0.036; p = 0.018, respectively). The TENS decreased the intensity of pain in the shoulders (p=0.041), upper back (p=0.032) and temporal (p=0.035), as the other stages. TENS placebo reduced the pain intensity of many body parts. After TENS, placebo and Lax Vox, there was a decrease in pain intensity of the most body parts, including larynx (p = 0.028). After placebo TENS and Lax Vox, there was improvement of 40% of the general degree of vocal quality (/a/), after TENS and Lax Vox, of 50% (counting). The acoustic analysis revealed increased of the jitter (p=0.009) and the fundamental frequency variation (p=0.012) after placebo TENS. Electromyography revealed electrical activity increasing after TENS in the right ECM at rest (p=0.036); Increased activity in the left PDT at the count (p=0.046) after placebo TENS and Lax Vox. In the comparison between steps, TENS associated to Lax Vox the electrical activity, reduced the left PDT, while TENS placebo and Lax Vox increased (p=0.045) in the counting; in the /a/ vowel the placebo TENS associated to Lax Vox reduced the electrical activity for left PDT, whereas the TENS increased (p=0.040). The TENS placebo was the stage that had the biggest electrical activity decreasing at rest, compared with: TENS and Lax Vox and TENS (p=0.015). As a conclusion, both associations, TENS combined whit Lax Vox and TENS placebo combined with Lax Vox brought more benefits than the other methods tested (isolated TENS and placebo TENS). Only one application of the phonoaudiological intervention steps did not act homogeneously on the characteristics of the electrical activity of the evaluated muscles.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-06-27
 
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