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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.25.2010.tde-01062011-093936
Document
Author
Full name
Vagner Caetano Andreo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Bauru, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Faria, Flavio Augusto Cardoso de (President)
Kuga, Milton Carlos
Santos, Carlos Ferreira dos
Title in Portuguese
Estudo dos efeitos da injeção intravascular de drogas vasoconstrictoras, presentes nas soluções anestésicas locais, sobre a pressão arterial de ratos normotensos, hipertensos renais um-rim, um clip (1R-1C) e 1R-1C tratados com atenolol
Keywords in Portuguese
Adrenalina
Felipressina
Hipertensão renal 1R-1C
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e comparar o efeito de agentes vasoconstrictores presentes nas soluções anestésicas locais, injetados por via intravenosa nas doses de 80, 160, 320, 640 e 1280 ng (adrenalina) ou 0.5, 1, 2, 3 e 4 UI (felipressina), sobre a pressão arterial de ratos, hipertensos renais um-rim, um clip (1R-1C) e 1R-1C tratados com atenolol, comparando com animais nomotensos de mesmo peso e lote. Ratos Wistar machos pesando 150g, foram anestesiados com mistura de igual quantidade de quetamina e xilazina (1mL da mistura/kg), tiveram seu abdômen aberto e receberam um clip de prata com abertura 0,25mm na artéria renal esquerda, removendo-se cirurgicamente o rim direito (ratos 1R-1C). Alguns desses animais, depois de 14 dias, tiveram sua pressão sistólica indireta registrada pela pletsmografia de cauda e começaram a receber tratamento com atenolol (90 mg/kg/dia) por gavage (1R-1C tratados). Após 28 dias da implantação do clip, todos os grupos foram novamente anestesiados e implantaram-se cânulas de polietileno (PE-50) na artéria carótida esquerda e veia jugular direita, para registro direto da pressão arterial e injeção de drogas, respectivamente. Animais de mesmo lote e peso serviram como controle (normotensos). O catéter arterial foi então conectadas ao sistema de registro computadorizado (PowerLab®) utilizando software específico (Chart 5Pro ®). A pressão arterial (PA) e frequência cardíaca (FC) registradas durante os primeiros 5 minutos, foram consideradas como valores basais. Analisaram-se: a menor resposta hipotensora, maior resposta hipertensora, freqüência cardíaca média e duração da resposta, nos três grupos de animais, para cada dose injetada dos dois vasoconstrictores. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Holm-Sidak ou de Mann-Whitney, quando apropriado, a um nível de significância de 5%. A felipressina, ao contrário da adrenalina, não apresentou ação hipotensora; por outro lado, ambas apresentaram respostas hipertensoras de magnitude semelhante nos 3 grupos de animais, notando-se tendência para menores respostas nos animais tratados com atenolol. A felipressina provocou queda de FC significativa (p<0,01) nos animais normotensos e tratados, causando aumento de FC nos hipertensos apenas com as maiores doses, enquanto que a adrenalina provocou aumento de FC dose-dependente nos normotensos e hipertensos, sem promover alteração da FC nos ratos tratados. A duração da resposta hipertensora provocada pela felipressina foi significativamente maior que a provocada pela adrenalina (p<0,01) em todos os grupos de animais, indicando possível efeito vasoconstrictor prolongado. Os resultados permitem afirmar que a felipressina apresenta ações semelhantes à adrenalina, com resposta hipertensora mais prolongada, nas populações de animais analisadas. Em função das doses e da via empregada nesse estudo, pode-se sugerir que a felipressina é bastante segura para populações hipertensas ou que estejam recebendo atenolol.
Title in English
Pressure effects of vasoconstrictors in normotensive, 1K-1C hypertensive and 1K-1C rats treated with atenolol
Keywords in English
1K-1C Hypertension
Epinephrine
Felypressin
Abstract in English
The present study was designed to analyze and compare the effects of some vasoconstrictors, injected by intravenous route in the doses of 80, 160, 320, 640 and 1280 ng (epinephrine) or 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 IU (felypressin) upon the arterial pressure of normotensive, 1K-1C hypertensive and 1K-1C rats treated with atenolol. Male Wistar rats weighting 150g were anesthetized with a mixture of equal proportion of ketamine and xylazine by intraperitonial injection (1mL/kg) and 1K1C hypertension was surgically induced by means of partial constriction of the main left renal artery with a silver clip with a 0.25-mm gap. The right kidney was surgically removed. Fourteen days after surgical procedures arterial pressure (AP) was indirectly measured (tail cuff method) to monitor the development of hypertension. Only 1K1C rats with AP more than 150mm Hg were included in the protocol and received by gavage (1mL/d), for the next 14 days, atenolol (90 mg/kg/day). The treatments were carried out always between 8 and 9 AM. Four weeks after the surgical procedure all rats were anesthetized again with the same mixture and a catheter (PE50) was inserted into the left carotid artery and right jugular vein, respectively to obtain a AP register and to inject drugs. The arterial catheter was then connect to the transducer and to computer register system (PowerLab®) using a Chart 5 Pro® software. The AP and heart rate (HR) registered in the first five minutes were considered basal values. The following parameters were registered: minimal hypotensive response, maximal hypertensive response, mean HR and response lenght (duration), in all animals groups, to every injected dose of epinephrine and felypressin. The data were analyzed by two ways repeated measures ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak or Mann-Whitney test, when appropriated. The significance level was 5%. Epinephrine, but not felypressin, presents some hypotensive action with the lowest doses. However, both of them present hypertensive responses of same magnitudes in all groups, with non-significant reduced responses noted in the 1K-1C atenolol group. The HR was significantly lowered by felypressin in the normotensive and 1K-1C atenolol group; this vasoconstrictor agent produced elevated HR in hypertensive rats only with the greatest doses. Epinephrine caused dose-dependent increases in HR in normotensive and 1K-1C without modifying the HR of 1K-1C atenolol treated rats. The felypressin response length were significantly longer than that produced by epinephrine in all groups (p<0,01), indicating a prolonged vasoconstrictor effect. Our results suggest that felypressin has equipotent pressure responses when compared with epinephrine, showing greater extent of action. Considering the administration route, the doses used in this study and the concentration in local anesthetics cartridges, we suggest that felypressin was safe enough to be one of the vasoconstrictors of choice in hypertensive subjects and in those who received atenolol as a medication to lower their pressure.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-06-02
 
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