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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.23.2019.tde-04042019-131446
Document
Author
Full name
Marina Gabriela Teixeira Buck
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Corrêa, Luciana (President)
Martins, Marília Trierveiler
Rodrigues, Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro
Strixino, Juliana Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Análise do fenótipo de células-tronco neoplásicas em células epiteliais displásicas orais e de carcinoma epidermóide oral resistentes à terapia fotodinâmica
Keywords in Portuguese
Ácido 5-aminolevulínico
Carcinoma epidermóide oral
Lesões potencialmente malignas orais
Resistência tumoral
Terapia fotodinâmica
Abstract in Portuguese
O carcinoma epidermóide oral (CEO) tem alta incidência e mortalidade no mundo, sendo frequentes casos de recidivas em função da resistência aos tratamentos convencionais. Essa resistência tem sido associada à presença de células tronco tumorais (CTT). A terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) tem sido utilizada nos casos de desordens orais potencialmente malignas (DOPM) e CEOs superficiais, com relativo índice de sucesso. Contudo, são relatados casos de recidivas, que sugerem certa resistência à PDT. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar se células de DOPM desenvolvem resistência à PDT mediada pelo ácido 5-aminolevulínico (5-ALA), tal qual ocorre com células de CEO expostas ao mesmo tratamento, bem como verificar se as células displásicas e neoplásicas orais exibem um fenótipo sugestivo de células tronco tumoral. Foram cultivadas células epiteliais displásicas orais (linhagem DOK) e células de CEO de língua (linhagem SCC9), divididas nos seguintes grupos experimentais: Grupo Controle - células sem tratamento; Grupo ALA - células tratadas com 5-ALA, com concentração e tempo de incubação igual ao do grupo PDT; Grupo LED - células tratadas com LED, com dosimetria igual ao do grupo PDT; Grupo PDT - células tratadas com PDT mediada pelo 5-ALA, subdivididas em duas gerações: geração 1 - células expostas a somente um ciclo de PDT; geração 4 - células expostas a quatro ciclos de PDT e que exibiram resistência (maior viabilidade) à dose inicial aplicada para a geração 1. Para esses grupos, foram realizados ensaios de formação de colônias e de invasão, bem como citometria de fluxo para verificar a expressão de CD44, ESA e p75NTR. Observou-se que todos os grupos expostos à PDT contendo células da linhagem DOK exibiram resistência à dose inicial de PDT, porém em intensidade menor àquela observada para a linhagem SCC9. As células resistentes à PDT de ambas as linhagens exibiram maior potencial de formação de colônias, mas somente a primeira geração de células exibiu maior potencial de invasão. Na análise de citometria de fluxo, observou-se que as células resistentes à PDT de ambas as linhagens exibiram superexpressão de CD44high/ESAhigh. A linhagem SCC9 exibiu ainda maior frequência de células CD44high/ESAlow e CD44high/p75NTR+, sugerindo a presença de uma subpopulação com alto potencial de invasão e resistente aos tratamentos convencionais. Não houve diferenças significativas na frequência de células ESAhigh/p75NTR+ em ambas as linhagens. Concluiu-se que as células displásicas orais desenvolvem resistência à PDT com intensidade menor se comparada às células SCC9. Em ambas as linhagens, as células resistentes exibiram um fenótipo sugestivo de células tronco tumorais. Esse fato deve ser considerado ao se instituir a PDT mediada pelo 5-ALA em lesões displásicas e neoplásicas orais que demandam múltiplos ciclos de tratamento.
Title in English
Analysis of the tumor stem cell phenotype in oral dysplastic epithelial cells and oral squamous cell carcinoma resistant to photodynamic therapy
Keywords in English
5-aminolevulinic acid
Oral potentially malignant lesions
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Photodynamic therapy
Tumor resistance
Abstract in English
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has a high incidence and mortality in the world. There are frequent cases of relapses due to its resistance to conventional treatments. This resistance has been associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used in cases of potentially malignant oral lesions (PMOL) and superficial SCC's, with a relative success rate. However, relapses are reported, which suggest some resistance to PDT. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether PMOL cells develop resistance to PDT mediated by the 5- aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), as occurs with SCC cells exposed to the same treatment, as well as to verify if dysplastic and oral neoplastic cells exhibit a suggestive phenotype of CSC. Oral dysplastic epithelial cells (DOK lineage) and CSC cells of the tongue (SCC9 lineage) were divided into the following experimental groups: Control Group - cells with no treatment; Group ALA - 5-ALA treated cells, with concentration and incubation time equal to that of the PDT group; LED group - LED light treated cells, with dosimetry equal to that of the PDT group; PDT group - cells treated with PDT mediated by the 5-ALA, subdivided into two generations: Generation 1 - cells exposed to only one PDT cycle; Generation 4 - cells exposed to four PDT cycles and exhibiting resistance (greater viability) to the initial dose applied for Generation 1. Colony forming and invasion assays, as well as flow cytometry to verify the expression of CD44, ESA and p75NTR were performed to the experimental groups. It was observed that all groups exposed to PDT containing DOK lineage cells exhibited resistance to the initial dose of PDT, but at a lower intensity than those observed for the SCC9 lineage. PDTresistant cells from both lineages exhibited increased potential for colony formation, but only the first generation of cells exhibited increased invasion potential. In flow cytometric analysis, PDT-resistant cells from both lineages exhibited overexpression of CD44high / ESAhigh. SCC9 lineage also exhibited higher frequency of CD44high / ESAlow and CD44high / p75NTR+ cells, suggesting the presence of a subpopulation with high invasion potential and resistant to conventional treatments. There were no significant differences in the frequency of ESAhigh / p75NTR+ cells in both lineages. It was concluded that the oral dysplastic cells develop resistance to PDT, with lower intensity when compared to SCC9 cells. In both lineages, the resistant cells exhibited a phenotype suggestive of CSC. This fact should be considered when establishing PDT mediated by the 5-ALA in oral dysplastic and neoplastic lesions that require multiple cycles of treatment.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-05-27
 
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