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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2018.tde-28022018-193610
Document
Author
Full name
Lilian Puglas da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Stabile, Angelita Maria (President)
Bussadori, Jamile Claro de Castro
Dessotte, Carina Aparecida Marosti
Lettiere, Angelina
Title in Portuguese
Características das puérperas atendidas em um hospital privado do interior paulista: subsídios para a elaboração de um fluxograma para consulta puerperal de enfermagem
Keywords in Portuguese
Consulta de Enfermagem
Cuidados de Enfermagem
Puerpério
Saúde Materno-infantil
Abstract in Portuguese
O puerpério é a fase final do ciclo gravídico-puerperal, sendo permeado por intensas modificações físicas e psíquicas. Essas modificações podem ser influenciadas pelas orientações recebidas durante a gestação nas consultas de pré-natal, cursos de gestante e pelo meio sociocultural em que a puérpera está inserida, podendo resultar em alterações patológicas específicas do ciclo. Nesta perspectiva, a consulta puerperal de enfermagem tem o papel de prevenir essas alterações por meio de orientações e esclarecimentos das dúvidas apresentadas pelas puérperas, sendo importante atrelar o saber social/familiar com o saber científico e encaminhar para outros profissionais sempre que necessário. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou identificar as principais queixas e problemas apresentados pelas puérperas durante a consulta e elaborar um fluxograma que se adapte às necessidades das puérperas atendidas na instituição. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório e transversal com tratamento quantitativo dos dados. A estratégia utilizada para obtenção dos dados foi a entrevista semiestruturada, sendo composta por dados referentes à situação sociodemográfica, pré-natal, parto, puerpério e exame físico do binômio mãe-filho. As mães de recém-nascidos que permaneceram hospitalizados após a alta materna foram excluídas do estudo. O estudo foi realizado na maternidade de um hospital privado do interior paulista, entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2016, com uma população de 114 puérperas que tiveram o seu parto no respectivo período. Das puérperas avaliadas, 55,9% eram primíparas, e a faixa etária variou entre 19 e 43 anos de idade. No que se refere ao pré-natal, 97,3% realizaram mais que 06 consultas e 66,7% referiram não terem recebido nenhuma orientação sobre o período puerperal nas consultas de pré-natal. O parto cesáreo ocorreu em 89,5% dos casos. Todas as puérperas estavam praticando o aleitamento materno, e 42,1% destas relataram dificuldades em amamentar. No geral, essas dificuldades foram referentes a realizar a "pega correta" do recém-nascido ao seio materno. Dentre as complicações mamárias, verificou-se que 36,8% foram relativas a traumas mamilares, sendo as fissuras mamárias responsáveis por 30,7% dos casos. Das pacientes atendidas, 80,7% das puérperas necessitaram de orientações sobre autocuidado e/ou para os cuidados dispensados ao recém-nascido. Dos recém-nascidos avaliados, 90,4% apresentaram bom estado geral e foram liberados para a casa e 9,6% foram encaminhados para avaliação com pediatra. Conclui-se que, apesar da consulta puerperal ter indicado melhorias na assistência oferecida ao binômio mãe-filho, evidenciou-se o número reduzido de puérperas que retornaram ao serviço para realização da consulta puerperal, seja pela cultura de medicalização ou pela predileção das mulheres em realizar a consulta de puerpério com o médico. Com base nesses achados, faz-se necessário realizar ações educativas com as grávidas a fim de esclarecer a importância da consulta puerperal de enfermagem na prevenção e identificação precoce de complicações no binômio mãe-filho.
Title in English
Characteristics of the puerperal women served at a private hospital in the countryside of São Paulo: subsidies for drawing up a flowchart for puerperal nursing consultation
Keywords in English
Maternal and Child Health
Nursing Care
Nursing Consultation
Puerperium
Abstract in English
Puerperium is the ultimate stage of the pregnancy-puerperium cycle and is permeated by intense physical and psychological changes. These changes may be influenced by the guidelines received during pregnancy in the prenatal consultations, courses for pregnant women, and by the sociocultural environment in which the puerperal woman is inserted, which may entail pathological specific changes of this cycle. From this perspective, the puerperal nursing consultation has the role of preventing these changes by means of guidelines and clarifications of the doubts presented by puerperal women, and it is important to associate social/family knowledge with scientific knowledge and refer them to other professionals whenever required. Accordingly, this research was intended to identify the main complaints and problems presented by puerperal women during the consultation and to draw up a flowchart adapted to the needs of the puerperal women served at the institution. This is a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study, where the data were processed quantitatively. The strategy used to obtain the data was the semi-structured interview, which was composed of data relating to sociodemographic situation, prenatal, delivery, puerperium and physical examination of the mother-child binomial. Mothers of newborns who remained hospitalized after maternal discharge were discarded from the study. The study was performed in the maternity ward of a private hospital in the countryside of São Paulo, between the months of October and December 2016, with a population of 114 puerperal women who had their delivery in the respective period. Of the surveyed puerperal women, 55.9% were primiparous, and the age range varied between 19 and 43 years. Regarding prenatal care, 97.3% underwent more than 06 consultations and 66.7% claimed that they did not receive any guideline about the puerperal period in the prenatal consultations. Cesarean delivery occurred in 89.5% of the cases. All the puerperal women were breastfeeding, and 42.1% of them reported difficulties in breastfeeding. In general, these difficulties were related to performing the "right handling" of the newborn on the maternal breast. Among the breast-related complications, we found that 36.8% were related to nipple traumas, where breast fissures were responsible for 30.7% of the cases. Of the treated patients, 80.7% of the puerperal women required guidelines on self-care and/or for the care provided to the newborn. Of the evaluated newborns, 90.4% presented good general condition and were released to the home and 9.6% were referred for evaluation with a pediatrician. We can conclude that, although the puerperal consultation has indicated improvements in the care offered to the mother-child binomial, we perceived a decreased number of puerperal women who returned to the service to undergo the puerperal consultation, either by the culture of medicalization or the preference of women in terms of undergoing the puerperium consultation with the physician. Based on these findings, there is a need to perform educational actions with pregnant women in order to clarify the importance of the puerperal nursing consultation in preventing and identifying as early as possible complications in the mother-child binomial.
 
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Publishing Date
2018-07-27
 
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