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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.22.2011.tde-29082011-144409
Document
Author
Full name
Fernanda Raphael Escobar Gimenes de Sousa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2011
Supervisor
Committee
Cassiani, Silvia Helena De Bortoli (President)
Caliri, Maria Helena Larcher
Gabriel, Carmen Silvia
Marck, Patricia
Pereira, Leonardo Régis Leira
Title in Portuguese
A segurança de pacientes na administração de medicamentos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital geral do interior paulista: a abordagem restaurativa em saúde
Keywords in Portuguese
Ambiente de Instituições de Saúde
Gerenciamento de Segurança
Restauração Ambiental
Sistemas de Medicação nos Hospitais
Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Abstract in Portuguese
Os atuais serviços de saúde tornaram-se ambientes complexos e vulneráveis, fazendo-nos repensar acerca da necessidade de simplificar os processos de trabalho de modo a torná-los mais éticos e seguros. Os objetivos do estudo foram analisar o sistema de medicação e os processos de preparo e de administração de medicamentos de uma UTI, à luz da abordagem restaurativa em saúde. Tratou-se de pesquisa multimétodos, com delineamento embutido, a qual aplicou técnicas de coleta de dados embasadas na perspectiva sócio-ecológica: grupos focais, narração fotográfica e foto elicitation. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma UTI de um hospital geral do interior paulista e envolveu a participação de 23 profissionais da enfermagem e um médico intensivista. A investigação ocorreu em quatro fases. Na primeira, grupos focais foram formados com o objetivo de fazer emergir as opiniões dos participantes em relação aos aspectos de segurança, bem como identificar situações no ambiente e nos processos de trabalho que poderiam comprometer a segurança do paciente no preparo e na administração de medicamentos. Na segunda, a pesquisadora, junto à gerente de enfermagem, realizou narrativas visuais com os propósitos de refletir sobre o ambiente assistencial onde os medicamentos são preparados e administrados, de observar condições passadas e de identificar possibilidades de melhorias futuras, no que diz respeito aos aspectos de segurança. Na terceira fase, as imagens foram expostas ao segundo grupo focal com a finalidade de identificar potenciais mudanças a serem implantadas no sistema de medicação, bem como nos processos, nas práticas, nas políticas e no ambiente de trabalho da UTI. Na quarta, novos registros fotográficos foram feitos com o propósito de captar as mudanças ocorridas no sistema de medicação e no ambiente assistencial da UTI, por meio da comparação destes com as fotografias obtidas durante a segunda fase da pesquisa. A coleta e a análise dos dados ocorreram de maneira interativa em todas as fases da investigação, segundo a orientação teórica da abordagem restaurativa em saúde. Os achados auxiliaram na compreensão das barreiras e das medidas facilitadoras voltadas para a segurança no preparo e na administração de medicamentos, a partir da obtenção de seis temas: Identificando o ambiente assistencial como contribuinte para a segurança no preparo e na administração de medicamentos; Identificando riscos no ambiente assistencial; Percebendo o ambiente assistencial como fator de risco para os acidentes ocupacionais; Tendo que conviver com o sentimento de "impotência" diante da cultura organizacional vigente; Convivendo com os improvisos no dia-a-dia do trabalho e Vislumbrando possibilidades de mudanças no ambiente assistencial. A partir da construção conjunta do conhecimento entre pesquisadora e pesquisados, os resultados forneceram subsídios para pesquisas futuras e revelaram que os problemas existentes no sistema interferem na segurança, tanto do paciente como do profissional, devendo a instituição rever a forma de gerenciar os riscos existentes no ambiente assistencial.
Title in English
Patients safety in the medication administration at an intensive care unit in a general hospital in the São Paulo State: a restorative approach in healthcare
Keywords in English
Environmental Remediation
Health Facility Environment
Intensive Care Units
Medication Systems in Hospital
Safety Management
Abstract in English
The current health services have become vulnerable and complex environments. This has made us rethink about the need of simplifying the work processes so that they are more ethical and safer. The goals of the study were the analysis of the medication system and the processes of preparing and administering the medications at an ICU, in the light of the restorative approach in healthcare. It was a multi-method research, with an embedded delineation, which applied collecting techniques of data having a social ecological perspective: focus groups, photo narration and photo elicitation. The research was performed at an ICU of a general hospital in a city in the São Paulo state and it involved the participation of 23 nursing professionals and an intensivist physician. The investigation occurred in four phases. First, focus groups were formed with the goal of getting the participants' opinions related to the safety aspects to emerge, as well as identifying situations in the work environment and in the processes that could compromise the patient's safety in the preparation and in the administration of medications. Next, the researcher, along with the nursing manager, performed several visual narratives with the purpose of reflecting about the healthcare environment where the medications are prepared and administrated, observing past conditions and identifying possibilities of future improvements, when it comes to the safety aspects. After that, the images were exposed to the second focus group with the aim to identify potential changes to be implemented in the medication system, as well as in the processes, in the practices, in the politics and in the workplace environment at the ICU. At the last phase, new photographic registrations were done with the aim to get the changes occurred in the medication system and in the care environment at the ICU, by comparing these ones with the pictures obtained during the second phase of the research. Collecting and analyzing data was performed in an interactive way at all the phases of the investigation, according to the theoretical orientations of the restorative approach in healthcare. The findings helped in understanding the barriers and the facilitating measures directed to the safety in the preparation and administration of medications, after obtaining six themes: Identifying the healthcare environment as a contributor for the safety in the preparation and administration of medications; Identifying risks in the healthcare environment; Realizing the healthcare environment as a risk factor for the occupational accidents; Having to live with an "impotence" feeling before the current organizational culture; Living with the everyday workarounds; and Envisioning possible changes in the healthcare environment. From the joint construction of the knowledge among the researcher and the investigated ones, the results provided subsidies for future investigations and revealed that the problems in the system interfere in the safety, both the patient and the professional, having the institution a necessity to revise the way it manages the risks in the healthcare environment.
 
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FernandaGimenes.pdf (10.55 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2012-03-28
 
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