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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.22.2018.tde-28022018-200424
Document
Author
Full name
Karen Yukari Hayashida
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Bernardes, Andrea (President)
Balsanelli, Alexandre Pazetto
Bertagnoli, Marina Simões Flório Ferreira
Gabriel, Carmen Silvia
Title in Portuguese
Liderança em enfermagem e o processo coaching no contexto hospitalar
Keywords in Portuguese
Coaching; Equipe de enfermagem; Liderança; Unidades hospitalares
Abstract in Portuguese
Os hospitais passaram a exigir cada vez mais o perfil de um enfermeiro líder, sendo, portanto, importante o estudo da liderança, entendida e praticada na perspectiva da flexibilidade e participação, uma vez que os profissionais se deparam cada vez mais com mudanças frequentes, turbulentas e caóticas no ambiente de trabalho em saúde. O enfermeiro precisa ter o conhecimento e a habilidade para adotar estilos/teorias mais inovadoras e contemporâneas que possam motivar a equipe para a execução de um trabalho mais qualificado. O estudo objetivou analisar a liderança, bem como a utilização das dimensões do processo coaching na visão da equipe de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal de abordagem quantitativa. O estudo foi realizado em dois hospitais públicos do Estado de São Paulo; participaram 69 enfermeiros e 233 auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem que atuavam em unidades de internação para adultos. Foi aplicado o QUAPEEL - Questionário de Autopercepção do Enfermeiro no Exercício da Liderança, e QUEPTAEEL - Questionário de Percepção do Técnico e Auxiliar de Enfermagem no Exercício da Liderança. Os resultados apontaram que a liderança foi compreendida por mais da metade da equipe de enfermagem como o processo de exercer influência sobre o comportamento das pessoas para alcançar objetivos em determinadas situações. Já 33,3% dos enfermeiros e 21,9% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem conceituaram liderança como processo de se transformar o comportamento de um indivíduo ou de uma organização. Houve convergência do conceito de liderança entre líder e liderado, bem como com o referencial teórico de Liderança Situacional. Observou-se que 92,8% dos enfermeiros responderam serem líderes, e aqueles que justificaram, referiram ter conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes para exercer a liderança, assim como consideraram inerente ao papel profissional. Da mesma maneira, 84,5% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem perceberam o enfermeiro como líder. Os 15,5% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem que não consideraram o enfermeiro a quem se reportam líder, justificaram a postura autoritária, falta de conhecimento sobre as necessidades da unidade e equipe, bem como a comunicação ineficaz. O estilo de liderança do enfermeiro era orientado para as pessoas e as tarefas, dependendo da situação, sendo indicado por 84,4% dos enfermeiros e 90,4% dos auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem. Quanto às habilidades necessárias ao líder, a maioria da equipe de enfermagem indicou a comunicação e dar e receber feedback. O estudo demonstrou que os enfermeiros perceberam a prática das dimensões do processo coaching ao obter pontuação total média 86,23, bem como os auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem com pontuação total média 76,05. A dimensão "comunicação" foi a mais reconhecida pela equipe de enfermagem entre as quatro dimensões do processo coaching. No Hospital A constatou-se que a prática de liderança no processo coaching foi vista de forma congruente, em contrapartida, no Hospital B os enfermeiros indicaram exercer as habilidades e atitudes do processo coaching com maior frequência do que os auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem, exceto para a dimensão "comunicação" que não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante
Title in English
Nursing leadership and the coaching process in the hospital context
Keywords in English
Coaching; Hospital units; Leadership
Nursing team
Abstract in English
Hospitals have been increasingly requiring the profile of a nurse leader, and it is therefore important to study about leadership, which is understood and practiced from the perspective of flexibility and participation, since professionals are faced with ever more frequent, turbulent and chaotic changes in the environment of health work. The nursing professional needs to have the knowledge and ability to adopt more innovative and contemporary styles/theories that may motivate the team to perform a more skilled work. This study was intended to analyze the leadership, as well as the use of the dimensions of the coaching process, from the view of the nursing team in the hospital context. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach. The study was performed in two public hospitals in the State of São Paulo; it was attended by 69 nurses and 233 nursing technicians and assistants who worked in the units for admitting adult patients. We applied the QUAPEEL - Questionnaire on Self-Perception of the Nurse in the Exercise of Leadership and the QUEPTAEEL - Questionnaire on Perception of the Nursing Technician and Assistant in the Exercise of Leadership. The results highlighted that leadership was understood by more than half of the nursing team as the process of exerting influence on people's behavior to reach goals in certain situations. Furthermore, 33.3% of nurses and 21.9% of nursing technicians and assistants conceptualized leadership as a process for transforming the behavior of an individual or an organization. There was convergence of the concept of leadership between leader and led, as well as with the theoretical benchmark of Situational Leadership. We noted that 92.8% of nurses claimed to be leaders, and those who justified said they had the knowledge, abilities and attitudes to exert leadership, as well as they considered it inherent in the professional role. Similarly, 84.5% of nursing technicians and assistants perceived the nurse as a leader. The 15.5% of nursing technicians and assistants who did not consider the nurse to whom they report as a leader justified their view by mentioning its authoritarian posture, lack of knowledge about the needs of the unit and team, as well as ineffective communication. The leadership style of the nurse was oriented towards people and tasks, depending on the situation, which was indicated by 84.4% of nurses and 90.4% of nursing technicians and assistants. Regarding the abilities needed for the leader, most members of the nursing team indicated the communication and the act of giving and receiving feedback. The study showed that nurses perceived the practice of the dimensions of the coaching process when obtaining an average total score of 86.23, as well as nursing technicians and assistants, with an average total score of 76.05. The "communication" dimension was the most recognized by the nursing team among the four dimensions of the coaching process. In Hospital A, we found that the practice of leadership in the coaching process was seen congruently; in contrast, in Hospital B, the nurses indicated that they exercised the abilities and attitudes of the coaching process more frequently than the nursing technicians and assistants, except for the "communication" dimension, which did not show a statistically significant difference
 
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Publishing Date
2018-04-05
 
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