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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.21.2016.tde-08092016-103918
Document
Author
Full name
Aline Borges do Carmo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Turra, Alexander (President)
Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza
Sanchez, Luis Enrique
Siegle, Eduardo
Silva, Alessandro Soares da
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental em empreendimentos costeiros e marinhos no Brasil: análise dos procedimentos e aspectos institucionais e políticos
Keywords in Portuguese
Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental
Gerenciamento Costeiro
Mudanças Climáticas
Políticas Públicas Ambientais
Zona Costeira e Marinha
Abstract in Portuguese
A Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) é uma importante ferramenta de gestão, amplamente adotada ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, é tema de muitas controvérsias, em diversos setores da sociedade sendo que, na zona costeira e marinha, diagnósticos oficiais atestaram que a permissividade do processo levou à intensificação da degradação ambiental. Este trabalho levantou fragilidades do sistema federal brasileiro, responsável por grande parte dos licenciamentos realizados em empreendimentos e marinhos. A análise histórica mostrou que a AIA foi implantada de forma autoritária e pouco participativa, fato que traz reflexos até hoje. A descentralização da gestão ambiental pública promovida pela Lei Complementar 140/2011, muito criticada pela fragilidade institucional do país, tem sido conduzida juntamente com medidas que visam à aceleração da emissão de licenças. A análise processual mostrou diversos problemas na condução dos processos administrativos, com destaque à falta de integração com políticas de planejamento, pressão política e falta de participação. A questão das mudanças climáticas também não está incorporada à condução de AIA nos ambientes costeiros e marinhos. Por fim, entrevistas com técnicos responsáveis pela análise dos estudos ambientais mostraram a falta de planejamento integrado e pressão política, além da falta de visão marítima do Estado e da população brasileira.
Title in English
Environmental Impact Assessment of coastal and marine developments in Brazil: procedural analysis and policial-institucional aspects
Keywords in English
Climate Change
Coastal and Marine Zone
Coastal Management
Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Public Policy
Abstract in English
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important management tool, widely adopted around the world. In Brazil, it is subjected to much controversy in different sectors of society and, in the coastal and marine areas, diagnoses official testified that the permittivity of the process led to the intensification of environmental degradation. This work analyzed fragilities of the Brazilian federal system, responsible for much of the licenses of coastal and marine projects. An historical analysis showed that the EIA was implemented in an authoritarian manner and little participation, a fact that brings reflections until nowadays. The decentralization of public environmental management promoted by Complementary Law 140/2011, much criticized because of institutional weaknesses in the country, has been conducted together with measures to speed up the issuance of licenses. The process analysis showed several problems in the conduction of administrative proceedings, especially the lack of integration with planning policies, political pressure and lack of participation. Climate change was not incorporated into the EIA driving on coastal and marine environments. Finally, interviews with technicians responsible for the analysis of environmental studies reported the lack of integrated planning, political pressure, and the absence of a maritime vision of the state and the population.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-09-08
 
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