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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.21.2009.tde-30042010-104436
Document
Author
Full name
Aruanã Bittencourt Manzano
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Turra, Alexander (President)
Costa, Monica Ferreira da
Mansor, Maria Teresa Castilho
Title in Portuguese
Distribuição, taxa de entrada, composição química e identificação de fontes de grânulos plásticos na Enseada de Santos, SP, Brasil
Keywords in Portuguese
composição
distribuição
emissão.
pellets
poluentes
resíduos sólidos
Santos
Abstract in Portuguese
Dentre os vários poluentes que ameaçam o ambiente marinho estão os pellets de plástico, matéria prima em forma de grânulos de 5mm que estão sendo liberados nas etapas de produção, utilização e transporte. Este projeto visa o entendimento da contaminação das praias da Enseada de Santos, litoral do Estado de São Paulo, como uma área piloto para se compreender os padrões de distribuição e identificar a composição química e taxa de entrada. Os pellets foram encontrados a até 2m de profundidade, mas se concentraram na porção mais superior do sedimento (com cerca de 1.100 pellets por 0,1m3 nos 30cm superiores) e na região do pós-praia (136 pellets/0.018m3 na porção mais elevada). A distribuição ao longo da praia mostrou que os pellets se concentraram nas áreas mais próximas ao Canal de Santos, com uma taxa média de 82 pellets/0.036m3, e chegando à densidade máxima de 139/0.036m3, fato relacionado principalmente com a circulação da Baía e correntes provenientes do Canal. A taxa de entrada não mostrou um padrão ao longo da baía e períodos do ano, mas o maior número de pellets foi encontrado no Inverno (377/m²), após um evento de tempestade. Quase 80% eram Polietileno e cerca de 20% Polipropileno; o tamanho médio foi cerca de 2.5 a 3.0mm de altura e 3.5 a 4.0mm de diâmetro; e quase 70% tinha coloração clara à amarelada. A maior parte dos pellets analisados apresentou-se relativamente preservada. As prováveis fontes de emissão (porto e indústrias) estão localizadas na região estuarina.
Title in English
Distribution, income rate, chemical composition and identification of plastic pellets emissions at Santos Bay, SP, Brazil
Keywords in English
composition
distribution
emission.
pellets
pollutants
Santos
solid wastes
Abstract in English
Among the various pollutants that threaten the ocean are plastic pellets, prime resource in the form of 5mm granules that are being dumped in the environment during production, utilization and transport stages. This project aims to understand of the contamination of the beaches of the Santos Bay, coast of the state of São Paulo, as a pilot area to address the patterns of distribution and identify the chemical composition and rate of entry of pellets. The pellets were found even at 2m depths, but were concentrated at the upper level of sediment (with approximately 1100 pellets per 0.1m³ on the top) and in the back-shore region (136 pellets/0.018m³ at the higher level). The distribution along the beach showed that the pellets were concentrated in the areas closer to the Santos estuarine Channel, with an average rate of 82 pellets/0.036m³, and reaching a maximum density of 139/0.036m³, a fact directly related to the circulation of the bay and channel currents. The rate of entry did not show a pattern along the bay and periods of the year, but the greatest number of pellets were found during the winter after a storm (377/m²). Almost 80% were polipropilene and about 20% poliethylene. The average size was circa 2.5 to 3.0mm in length and 3.5 to 4.0mm in diameter and almost 70% were clear colored or yellowish. The greatest part of the analyzed pellets appeared relatively preserved. The probable sources of emission (harbor and industries) are located in the estuarine region.
 
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Aruana.pdf (1.87 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2010-07-28
 
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