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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.2.2009.tde-18112011-164906
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana de Moura Gomes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Comparato, Fabio Konder (President)
Moises, Claudia Perrone
Vieira, Oscar Vilhena
Title in Portuguese
Acesso a medicamentos como direito humano
Keywords in Portuguese
Direito à saúde
Direitos humanos
Medicamento
Patente
Propriedade intelectual
Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida
TRIPS
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho investiga o acesso a medicamentos, especialmente os considerados essenciais, como componente fundamental do direito à saúde, dentro do contexto do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e sua interface com o regime de Propriedade Intelectual da Organização Mundial do Comércio. Com base na estrutura analítica do direito à saúde, busca-se estudar os deveres dos Estados e a responsabilidade de outros atores, como as empresas farmacêuticas em relação a esse direito. O impacto do regime de proteção intelectual, originado pelo Acordo sobre Aspectos dos Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual Relacionados ao Comércio (TRIPS), para o acesso a medicamentos, devido ao sistema de patentes, também será considerado. Finalmente, o trabalho aborda a experiência brasileira na área, que é considerada exemplar no que concerne o equilíbrio entre direitos humanos, saúde pública e direitos de propriedade intelectual, avaliando a legislação e as políticas públicas desenvolvidas pelo país em relação aos medicamentos, à luz das normas de direito internacional. Conclui-se que o acesso a medicamentos é um direito humano, que é comprometido pelos altos preços impostos pelas empresas farmacêuticas. Os países em desenvolvimento, entre eles o Brasil, contudo, conquistaram vitórias internacionais, e puderam construir estratégias, especialmente pelo uso das flexibilidades previstas pelo Acordo TRIPS, para equilibrar o respeito aos direitos de propriedade intelectual e garantir o acesso a medicamentos para a população necessitada.
Title in English
Access to medicines as a human rihgt
Keywords in English
HIV/AIDS
Human rights
Medicines
Right to health
TRIPS
Abstract in English
The present work will investigate the problem of access to medicines, especially essential medicines, in the context of international human rights law and intellectual property regime under the WTO. Based on the analytical framework of the right to health, it focuses on the responsibilities of States and other actors, such as pharmaceutical corporations in relation to human rights. The impacts of intellectual property rights created by the WTOs Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) on access to medicines, due to patent protection, will also be considered. Finally, the work will analyze Brazils experience, which is considered as an example in striking a balance between respect for human rights and public health and protection of intellectual property rights. Brazilian legislation and public policies will be a also evaluated in relation to international law. The work suggests that a human right to medicine has already been developed in recent years, which is compromised by the high prices charged by pharmaceutical corporations. Notwithstanding, low and middle-income countries, including Brazil, have achieved some international victories, and could developed strategies to provide wider access to pharmaceuticals by fully utilizing the exceptions permitted under the TRIPS agreement, in order to balance intellectual property rights and provide access to medicine to whom need them.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-11-25
 
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