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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.2.2012.tde-07062013-142406
Document
Author
Full name
Mario Roberto Attanasio Junior
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Bittar, Eduardo Carlos Bianca (President)
Almeida, Guilherme Assis de
Barbosa, Samuel Rodrigues
Machado, Paulo Affonso Leme
Silva, Solange Teles da
Title in Portuguese
Teoria crítica e direito ambiental
Keywords in Portuguese
Direito ambiental
Meio ambiente
Política ambiental
Abstract in Portuguese
A complexidade da crise ambiental contemporânea demanda uma análise profunda da forma como o homem tem se relacionado com a natureza. Alvo de exploração contínua por uma sociedade apoiada na ideologia moderna do progresso científico e econômico ilimitados e caracterizada pelo aumento do consumo, a natureza, convertida em recurso para os processos produtivos e objeto de intensa agressão, começa a dar sinais de exaustão. Dentre os impactos ambientais provocados pela atividade humana incluem-se: o aquecimento global, a devastação das florestas, a contaminação dos recursos hídricos, o aumento da produção de resíduos, a perda da biodiversidade, os quais repercutem negativamente na qualidade de vida de toda a sociedade. Este cenário exige uma postura ativa do direito ambiental. Contudo, a sua abordagem dominante enfatiza a perspectiva legalista, abstrata, marcada pela racionalidade técnico-formal, que se revela insuficiente para tratar da problemática ambiental e suas várias dimensões: econômica, social, ética, política e cultural. Neste sentido, propõe-se refletir sobre o direito ambiental a partir do método crítico concebido por Max Horkheimer que procura, por meio de um diagnóstico do tempo presente, identificar de forma interdisciplinar as contradições de uma sociedade e verificar as possibilidades reais de sua superação. De acordo com Horkheimer, a sociedade atual é dominada por uma racionalidade instrumental, técnica e científica que, atrelada ao modelo capitalista, utiliza a natureza de acordo com seus interesses, o que tem acarretado o exaurimento do meio ambiente externo e a dominação interna do homem, que encontra dificuldades para superar esta situação. Portanto, uma abordagem crítica do direito ambiental permite formular, discutir e enfrentar melhor os problemas ambientais contemplando as suas especificidades sem perder de vista as conexões entre as diversas dimensões da questão e sem que isto signifique uma teoria abstrata e acabada, mas algo que possa ser constantemente submetido à crítica e orientado para a transformação social.
Title in English
Critical theory and environmental law
Keywords in English
Direito ambiental
Meio ambiente
Política ambiental
Abstract in English
The complexity of contemporary environmental crisis demands a thorough analysis of how man has been linked with nature. Target continued exploration by a society supported by modern ideology of unlimited scientific and economic progress and characterized by increased consumption, the nature, converted into a resource for the production processes and the object of intense aggression, begins to show signs of exhaustion. Among the environmental impacts caused by human activity, we can include: global warming, the devastation of forests, contamination of water resources, increasing waste generation, biodiversity loss, which have a negative impact on quality of life of all society. This scenario requires an active attitude of environmental law. However, the dominant environmental law emphasizes the legalistic, abstract, marked by technical and formal rationality, which is insufficient to address the environmental issue and its various dimensions: economic, social, ethical, political and cultural. In this sense, it is proposed to reflect on environmental law from the critical method designed by Max Horkheimer looking through a diagnosis of the present time, in an interdisciplinary way to identify the contradictions of a society and determine the real possibilities of its overcoming. According to Horkheimer today's society is dominated by an instrumental rationality, technical and scientific, linked to the capitalist model, which uses nature according to their interests, what has caused the depletion of the external environment and internal domination of man, which finds difficult to overcome this situation. Therefore, a critical approach to environmental law to formulate, discuss, and better address the environmental problems are contemplating their specificities without losing sight of the connections between the various dimensions of the issue and without there being an abstract and complete theory, but something that can be constantly subjected to criticism and social change oriented.
 
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Publishing Date
2013-06-11
 
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