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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.2.2012.tde-06062012-105130
Document
Author
Full name
Rodrigo Sérgio Meirelles Marchini
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Velasco, Ignacio Maria Poveda (President)
Carmignani, Maria Cristina da Silva
Tomasevicius Filho, Eduardo
Title in Portuguese
A proteção constitucional das terras indígenas brasileiras no período republicano: evolução e estagnação
Keywords in Portuguese
Direito de propriedade
Índios Brasil
Posse da terra
Terra pública
Abstract in Portuguese
A proteção das terras indígenas sofreu, durante o período republicano, grandes modificações. No começo da República não havia uma política nacional voltada ao índio, é apenas no ano de 1934 que normas relativas às terras indígenas atingiram guarida constitucional. O Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (SPI), criado em 1910, que atuou no sentido de demarcar as terras indígenas, teve que se confrontar com os estados membros para proteger as terras indígenas. Durante este período, a política para os povos indígenas foi de educar os povos indígenas a um modo de vida ocidental, persuadindo os a abandonar seus costumes originais. Isso levou a redução do território necessário para a subsistência dos índio, já que a caça e coleta foram substituídos com a agricultura. Assim, a terra abandonada poderia ser vendida ou utilizada pelo governo federal. Hoje em dia, apesar de essas metas não serem mais apoiadas pela Constituição de 1988, as leis ordinárias não foram alteradas para refletir estes novos objetivos: o respeito à forma original de vida dos indígenas, de acordo com o direito internacional. O que mostra que há contradições no sistema jurídico brasileiro, no que diz respeito aos índios.
Title in English
The protection of indigenous rights to their land in Brazil during the Republic evolution and stagnation
Keywords in English
Brazilian law
Constitutional rights
History of law
Indigenous land
Indigenous people
Abstract in English
The protection of indigenous rights to their land in Brazil has greatly evolved since the early twentieth century. Back then Brazil was a newly established republic divided in states, each of which were responsible for the administration of the indigenous people that occupied their territory. Therefore there was no common policy towards the administration of the indigenous people. Changes began in 1910 when a federal organization, the Indian Protection Service, was created to protect the indigenous people nationwide. During this period the federal policy toward indigenous people was to progressively educate the indigenous people to a western way of life, persuading them to abandon their original customs. One of the achievements of this policy was to reduce the size of the land needed for the indigenous subsistence as hunting and gathering were substituted with farming. Thus, the superfluous land could be sold or otherwise used by the government. Nowadays, although these goals are no longer endorsed in the 1988 constitution, statute law has not changed to reflect these new objectives, namely respect of the original indigenous way of life, in accordance to international law.
 
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Publishing Date
2012-07-11
 
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