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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2017.tde-01022017-102934
Document
Author
Full name
Martha de Almeida Prado Montenegro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2001
Supervisor
Committee
Vazoller, Rosana Filomena (President)
Foresti, Eugenio
Gaylarde, Christine Claire
Pellizari, Vivian Helena
Zaiat, Marcelo
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação da performance de um reator anaeróbio híbrido (RAH) e da atividade das populações de microrganismos anaeróbios na ausência e na presença de Pentaclorofenol (PCP)
Keywords in Portuguese
Archaea metanogênicas
Compostos orgânicos clorados
Grânulos anaeróbios
Pentaclorofenol (PCP)
Reator anaeróbio híbrido (RAH)
Abstract in Portuguese
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de verificar a eficiência de um reator anaeróbio híbrido (RAH) alimentado com uma mistura de ácidos orgânicos acético, propiônico, butírico, e láctico, bem como do álcool metanol, perfazendo uma DQO de 6,88 g/L, e avaliar nessas condições, a degradação do pentaclorofenol (PCP) na faixa de 2,0 a 21,0 mg/L. O RAH apresentou adequada performance na ausência de PCP, tendo sido inoculado com um lodo com AME cerca de 0,57 g DQO-CH4/g SV.d. Durante os 21 meses de operação do RAH na ausência de PCP verificou-se uma remoção média de DQO de 93% produção média de metano de 84%. Através de testes de toxicidade realizadas em batelada com o lodo granulado do RAH, antes da adição de PCP no reator, calculou-se o IC50, cujos valores foram 10, 12 e 13,69 mg/L. Na presença de PCP na faixa de 2,0 a 2,1 mg/L, o RAH apresentou remoção média de DQO de 96,7%, produção média de metano de 85,5% e remoção dos ácidos voláteis próxima a 74% do acético, 93% do butírico e 64% do propiônico. Individualmente, na presença da maior concentração de PCP adicionada, ocorreu decréscimo na remoção dos ácidos voláteis, principalmente do ácido propiônico e na taxa de conversão DQO/biogás. O PCP foi removido do sistema na ordem de 99% pela ação do lodo granulado com predominância do grupo das Archaea metanogênicas, verificada por exames microscópicos e hibridação "in situ". Valores da ordem de grandeza microbiana para os microrganismos metanogênicos nos períodos anteriores e posteriores a adição de PCP permaneceram na faixa de 105 e 106 céls./mL, quando cultivados em metanol e lactato mais sulfato, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que as Archaea metanogênicas podem estar envolvidas na degradação do PCP. A velocidade de remoção do organoclorado foi igual a 1,07 mg PCP/g SV.d quando a maior concentração de PCP foi estudada (21,0 mg/L).
Title in English
not available
Keywords in English
Anaerobic granules
Anaerobic hybrid reactor (AHR)
Chlorinated compounds
Methanogenic cells
Pentachlorophenol
Abstract in English
The present research aimed to verify the efficiency of an Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor (AHR) supplied with a mixture of fatty acids, acetic, propionic, butyric and lactic and methanol as well. The total amount of COD was 6.88 g/L. The performance of the reactor was remarkably stable and efficient during PCP additions at range from 2.0 to 21.0 mg/L. The AHR showed a great performance in the PCP absence, inoculated with sludge with an specific methanogenic (SMA) activity of 0,057 g.COD-CH4/g. VS.d. During the 21 months of operation without PCP, the reduction of COD was around 93% and methane was up to 84% in the biogas. Before PCP addiction, two toxicity batch tests conducted with the granular sludge presented IC50 values around 10.12 mg/L and 13.69 mg/L. In the presence of PCP, at the range of 2.0 to 21.0 mg/L, the efficiency of volatile fatty acids breakdown was 93%, 64% and 74% respectively for butyric, propionic and acetic acids. Individually, at the presence of the higher PCP concentration studied, a decrease in the conversion of COD to biogas and organic acids removal occurred, mainly with propionic acid. PCP total removal of more than 99% was reached by granular sludge activities formed by the total time of reactor operation with a prevalence of methanogenic Archaea, verified under direct microscopy exams and in situ hybridization. Methanogenic cells predominance was noticed with 105 to 106 cells/mL during enumeration on methanol and lactate plus sulfate culture media, respectively. The results suggest that methanogenic Archaea can be involved in PCP degradation. The organochlorine removal rate was 1.07 mg PCP.g-1 VS.d-1 during the highest PCP (21.0 mg/L) concentration addition.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-02-01
 
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