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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2018.tde-31082018-164404
Document
Author
Full name
Davi de Carvalho Diniz Melo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Wendland, Edson Cezar (President)
Barros, Mario Thadeu Leme de
Getirana, Augusto Cesar Vieira
Porto, Rodrigo de Melo
Rotunno Filho, Otto Corrêa
Title in Portuguese
Propagação de secas na bacia do Rio Paraná: do evento climático ao impacto hidrológico
Keywords in Portuguese
Agrupamento hierárquico
GLDAS
Missão GRACE
Seca hidrológica
Sensoriamento remoto
Abstract in Portuguese
Desastres naturais (secas, enchentes, etc) têm resultado em perdas humanas e grandes prejuízos financeiros em diversos lugares do mundo. Os recentes períodos de seca ocorridos na região sudeste do Brasil mostraram a importância de se dispor de estratégias de mitigação dos efeitos decorrentes desses eventos extremos. Um pré-requisito para prever impactos desses eventos no futuro, é compreender como os mesmos ocorreram no passado, caracterizando-os espacial e temporalmente. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar os impactos regionais no sistema hidrológico causados por eventos extremos e identificar conexões entre as secas meteorológicas e hidrológicas, usando a bacia do rio Paraná como estudo de caso. Para tanto, foram identificados e caracterizados os principais eventos de seca ocorridos entre 1995 e 2015, analisaram-se as perdas de água nos componentes do balanço hídrico e no armazenamento total de água. Foram utilizados dados de sensoriamento remoto, incluindo medições da missão GRACE de anomalias no armazenamento total de água terrestre (TWSA), e estimativas de precipitação e evapotranspiração pelos satélites TRMM e MODIS, respectivamente. Simulações de modelos globais de assimilação de dados de superfície terrestre forneceram estimativas de escoamento superficial e umidade do solo. Foram coletados dados de 37 reservatórios para quantificar as perdas de água no armazenamento em terra. Os resultados mostram que o TWSA diminuiu 150 ± 50 km3 entre 2011 e 2015 na bacia do rio Paraná, o armazenamento dos reservatórios diminuiu 30% em relação à capacidade máxima do sistema com taxas de -17 a -25 km3 ano-1 durante as secas. Foram identificados seis grupos de reservatórios cujas respostas são variáveis de acordo com tipo de forçante (natural ou antropogênica) de maior controle. A análise dos tempos de resposta do sistema hidrológico sugere um tempo de até aproximadamente 6 meses para que medidas de combate às secas sejam tomadas. Este estudo ressalta as vantagens do uso combinado de dados de diferentes fontes em estudos regionais.
Title in English
Drougth propagation in the Paraná river basin: from the climatic event to the hydrologic impact
Keywords in English
GLDAS
GRACE mission
Hierarchical clustering
Hydrological drought
Remote sensing
Abstract in English
Natural disasters have caused major economics and human losses globally. Recent droughts over Southeast Brazil underscored the importance of having mitigation strategies to fight the effects from extreme events and a prerequisite to anticipate the impacts from future events is an understanding of past droughts by means of spatial and temporal characterization. The objective of this study is to quantify regional impacts of extreme events on the hydrological system and identify linkages between meteorological and hydrological droughts. To this end, major droughts events between 1995 and 2015 were identified and characterized. Depletion in total water storage (TWS) and main components of the water budget were analyzed. Simulated soil moisture and runoff from land surface models and remote sensing data were used, including measurements of TWS anomalies (TWSA) data from GRACE mission, rainfall and evapotranspiration estimates from TRMM and MODIS satellites, respectively. To quantify reservoir storage depletion, data from 37 reservoirs were collected. Results show that TWSA declined by 150 ± 50 km3 between 2011 and 2015 in the Paraná basin; and reservoir storage decreased 30% relative to the system's maximum capacity, with negative trends ranging from -17 to -25 km3 yr-1 during the droughts. Six groups of reservoirs were identified whose response vary according to the main forcing type: human and/or natural controls. Analysis of the system's time lag responses indicated a 6 month window during which actions could be taken to combat the drought impacts. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating remote sensing, modelling and monitoring data to evaluate droughts and develop a comprehensive understanding of the linkages between meteorological and hydrological droughts for future management.
 
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Tese_Melo_DaviCD.pdf (5.54 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2018-08-31
 
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