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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2010.tde-26012011-141108
Document
Author
Full name
Tiago Henrique Martins
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Maria Bernadete Amancio Varesche (President)
Araujo, Juliana Calábria de
Arenas, Claudia Etchebehere
Foresti, Eugenio
Soares, Hugo Moreira
Title in Portuguese
Conversão de compostos nitrogenados em reatores biológicos: operação, caracterização microbiológica e filogenética
Keywords in Portuguese
Anammox
Atividade anammox específica
Brocadia sp.
Nitrificação
PEBD
Reator de leito fixo
Reator operado em batelada
Abstract in Portuguese
Esta pesquisa objetivou enriquecer biomassa capaz de realizar a oxidação anaeróbia do amônio (anammox) utilizando inóculo proveniente de reator nitrificante-desnitrificante, com a finalidade de estabelecer biofilme nitrificante-anammox em reator de leito fixo. O enriquecimento foi realizado em reator operado em bateladas sequenciais (RBS), com volume útil de 5 L e tempo de ciclo, inicialmente, de 56 h, e depois, sem tempo predeterminado (estratégias I e II). Após 89 dias de operação, 27,2 mg de 'N'-'N0 IND.2'POT.-'/L e 32,1 mg de 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+'/L foram consumidos concomitantemente. A estratégia III consistiu de batelada alimentada com ciclos de sete dias com afluente contendo 210 mg de cada composto nitrogenado. Na última estratégia (IV) a operação foi com ciclos de 24 h. Nessa etapa, a carga nitrogenada aplicada (CNA) foi aumentada de 155 g de 'N' ('N'-'N0 IND.2'POT.-' 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+')/'M POT.3' dia para 1.405,7 g de 'N'/'M POT.3' dia com eficiências de conversão de nitrogênio de 91,7% e 98,0%, respectivamente. Essa biomassa foi inoculada em reator de leito fixo ascendente (RLF) visando estabelecimento da biomassa anammox em meio suporte (PEBD). Sob tais condições foi obtido eficiência de conversão de nitrogênio de 97,6% e carga nitrogenada removida média de 598,5 '+ OU -' 22,5 g 'N'/'M POT.3' dia. Após estabelecimento de biomassa anammox, foi adicionado lodo ativado da indústria Volkswagen (São Carlos-SP) para formação de biofilme nitrificante-anammox. Nessa fase, a remoção de nitrogênio foi de 19,2% para CNA de 112,2 g 'N'/'M POT.3' dia. A atividade anammox específica máxima foi 33,5 mg 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+'/g SSV h com a biomassa submetida à 50 rpm. Paralelamente ao processo de enriquecimento, foi verificada a influência de micronutrientes em condições nitrificantes em três quimiostatos, nas seguintes condições: Q1 alimentado com meio contendo solução de micronutrientes completa, Q2 alimentado sem solução de micronutrientes e Q3 alimentado com solução de micronutrientes sem o elemento Boro (quimiostato experimental). Nas três condições a estabilidade foi atingida com 11 dias de operação com conversão média de nitrogênio amoniacal de 99 '+ OU -' 1,5%, 94,6'+ OU -' 6,3% e 93,3'+ OU -' 7,3%, para Q1, Q2 e Q3, respectivamente, para 79 mg 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+'/L afluente. Após 450 dias de operação do RBS foi constatado semelhança do clones com Brocadia anammoxidans, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Nitrospira, filo Chloroflexi e ao filo candidato OP 11. A composição microbiana encontrada no RLF com 139 dias de operação (final da fase anammox) foi de 48% dos clones relacionados à B. anammoxidans, 4% relacionados à Planctomycetes não cultivados, 12% relacionados à Proteobacteria, 8% relacionados à Chlorobi, 24% relacionados à Nitrospira, 4% relacionados ao filo Chloroflexi. Pode-se concluir que a biomassa aderida em PEBD selecionou positivamente microrganismos anammox e Nitrospira e negativamente aos filamentos relacionados ao filo Chloroflexi.
Title in English
Nitrogen compounds conversion in biological reactors: operation, microbiological and phylogenetic characterization
Keywords in English
Anammox
Brocadia sp.
Fixed bed reactor
LDPE
Nitrification
Sequencing batch reactor
Specific anammox activity
Abstract in English
This research aimed to enhance biomass capable of performing anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) using inoculum from nitrifying-denitrifying reactor, with the goal of establishing nitrifying-anammox biofilm in fixed bed reactor. The enrichment was performed in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), with a volume of 5 L and cycle time, initially, 56 h, and then, without pre-set time (strategies I and II). After 89 operation days, 27.2 mg 'N'-'N0 IND.2'POT.-'/L and 32.1 mg 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+'/L were consumed concomitantly. The strategy consisted of fed batch III with seven days cycles with influent containing 210 mg of each nitrogen compound. The last strategy (IV) was with 24 h/cycle. At this strategy, the nitrogen applied load (NAL) was increased from 155 'N' ('N'-'N0 IND.2'POT.-' + 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+')/'M POT.3' to 1405.7 g 'N'/'M POT.3' day with conversion efficiencies of 91.7% nitrogen and 98.0%, respectively. This biomass was inoculated into fixed bed reactor up (FBR) in order to establish the anammox biomass in support medium (LDPE). Under such conditions was obtained nitrogen conversion efficiency of 97.6% and nitrogen load removed an average of 598.5 '+ OU -' 22.5 g 'N'/'M POT.3' day. After establishment of anammox biomass it was added activated sludge - Volkswagen industry (São Carlos-SP) - for nitrifying-anammox biofilm. At that stage the removaI of nitrogen was 19.2% to 112.2 g CNA 'N'/'M POT.3' day. Simultaneously to enrichment process, was verified the influence of micronutrients in nitrifying conditions in three chemostats, as follows: Q1 fed with medium containing micronutrients solution complete feeds without Q2 and Q3 micronutrients solution fed micronutrients solution without the element Boron (chemostat experiment). In the three conditions stability was achieved with 11 days of operation with average conversion of ammonia nitrogen of 99 '+ OU -' 1.5%, 94.6 '+ OU -' 6.3% and 93.3 '+ OU -' 7.3% for Q1, Q2 and Q3 respectively for 79 mg 'N'-'NH IND.4'POT.+'/L. After 450 days of operation of the RBS was found similarity of clones with Brocadia anammoxidans, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Chlorobi, Nitrospira, Chloroflexi phyla and candidate phylum OP 11. The microbial composition found in the FBR with 139 days of operation (end of anammox phase) was 48% of clones related to B. anammoxidans, 4% related to uncultured Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria related to 12%, 8% related to Chlorobi, 24% related to Nitrospira, 4% related to the phylum Chloroflexi. It can be concluded that biomass adhered to LDPE selected anammox microorganisms and Nitrospira positively, and negatively to the filaments related to the Chloroflexi phylum.
 
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Publishing Date
2011-02-22
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • MARTINS, T. H., and VARESCHE, M. B. A. Enrichment and long term operation of anammox biomass in sequencing batch reactor. In X Latin American Workshop and Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion, Ouro Preto - MG, 2011. X DAAL., 2011.
  • MARTINS, T. H., and Varesche, M. B. Enrichment and characterization of Tropical anammox biomass. In The Water Research Conference, Lisboa - Portugal, 2010. The Water Research Conference., 2010.
  • MARTINS, T. H., and Varesche, Maria Bernadete Amâncio. Specific anammox activity under different conditions (I): the influence of temperature and initial nitrogen concentration. In 13 World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion - Recovering (bio) Resources for the World, Santiago de Compostela, 2013. Proceedings of 13th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion., 2013.
  • MARTINS, T. H., and Varesche, Maria Bernadete Amâncio. Specific anammox activity under different conditions (II): the influence of stirring speed. In 13 World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion - Recovering (bio) Resources for the World, Santiago de Compostela, 2013. Proceedings of 13th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion., 2013.
  • MARTINS, T. H., e VARESCHE, M. B. A. Enriquecimento de consórcios microbianos em quimiostatos sob condições ANAMMOX. In IX Taller y Simposio Latinoamericano de Digestión Anaeróbia, Ilha de Páscoa - Chile, 2008. DAAL., 2008.
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