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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2009.tde-22082009-141219
Document
Author
Full name
Rafael Ceribelli da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2009
Supervisor
Committee
Campos, José Roberto (President)
Além Sobrinho, Pedro
Silva, Edson Luiz
Title in Portuguese
Tratamento de esgoto sanitário em um reator de leito expandido em escala plena, operado com regiões anaeróbia e aeróbia sobrepostas
Keywords in Portuguese
Areia
Flotação
Material suporte
Nitrificação
Reator de leito expandido
Tratamento anaeróbio e aeróbio
Abstract in Portuguese
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal a avaliação do desempenho de um reator de leito expandido (159,0 'M POT.3'), em escala plena, operado sob condições anaeróbia e anaeróbia-aeróbia sobrepostas, tratando esgoto sanitário. Como objetivos específicos, foi avaliado o uso de areias comerciais para complementação do leito de partículas, bem como a distribuição do material suporte ao longo da altura do reator. Além disso, houve a simulação da flotação do efluente do sistema a fim de otimizar a eficiência na remoção de sólidos, visto pela ineficiência do sistema na separação dos sólidos biológicos. Dentre os materiais selecionados para compor o leito de partículas, foi escolhida a areia com tamanho médio dos grãos igual a 0,69 mm e massa específica de 2690 kg.'M POT.-3'. Esta pesquisa foi dividida em duas etapas experimentais, sendo que a primeira o sistema foi operado somente sob a condição anaeróbia, enquanto na segunda, o sistema foi submetido à condição anaeróbia e aeróbia sobrepostas. Para a primeira etapa, o sistema obteve maior eficiência na remoção de matéria orgânica, com TDH de 14 horas, quando foi removido 0,84 kgDQObruta/'M POT.3'.dia, sendo que foi aplicado 1,26 kgDQObruta/'M POT.3'.dia. As eficiências médias de remoção de DQObruta, DQOfilt, DBObruta, DBOfilt, SST e SSV foram de 65%; 64%; 80%; 70%; 58% e 69%. O efluente apresentou, em média, 245 mgDQObruta/L, 117 mgDQOfilt/L, 104 mgDBObruta/L, 76 mgDBOfilt/L; 88 mgSST/L e 69 mgSSV/L. O grau de amonificação obtido foi de 90%, evidenciando a potenciabilidade do sistema na conversão de matéria nitrogenado orgânico em amoniacal. Para a segunda etapa, a maior eficiência na remoção de matéria orgânica foi obtida com TDH de 16 horas, quando foi removido 0,29 kgDQObruta/'M POT.3'.dia, sendo que foi aplicado 0,84 kgDQObruta/'M POT.3'.dia. As eficiências médias de remoção de DQOfilt e DBOfiltr foram de 80% e 95%, respectivamente. O efluente apresentou, em média, 72 mgDQOfiltr/L, e 13 mgDBOfiltr/L. O grau de amonificação obtido foi de 85%, no entanto houve baixa eficiência na oxidação do 'N'-amoniacal, no máximo 25%, sendo que as concentrações máximas no efluente foram de 4 mg'N'-'NO IND.2'POT.-'/L e 2 mg'NO IND.3'POT.-'/L, respectivamente. Em relação à distribuição do material suporte, foi verificada que a proporção de carvão ativado granular e carvão antracitoso foi superior em relação à areia, nos diferentes pontos de coleta, sendo que essa proporção tendeu a se reduzir ao longo das amostragens, além disso, foram verificadas que as características do fluxo não estão adequadas para proporcionar a fluidificação/expansão do leito de partículas. Os melhores resultados obtidos na simulação da flotação do efluente, quando foi aplicada recirculação com concentração de ar de 17,5 mgar/Lam, e velocidade ascensional de 10 cm/min. As eficiências de remoção de SST; SSF; SSV; DQO, cor e turbidez obtidas foram de 64; 82; 62; 62; 53 e 73%, respectivamente. O efluente flotado apresentou 63 mgSST/L; 5 mgSSF/L; 59 mgSSV/L; 127 mgDQObruta/L, 431 uC e 29 uT.
Title in English
Treatment of sanitary wastewater in a full scale expanded bed reactor, operated with overlap anaerobic and aerobic regions
Keywords in English
Anaerobic and aerobic treatment
Expanded bed reactor
Flotation
Nitrification
Sand
Support material
Abstract in English
This present research had as main objective the evaluation of the performance of a full scale expanded bed reactor (159.0 'M POT.3'), operated under anaerobic and overlapping anaerobic-aerobic, treating sanitary wastewater. As specific objectives, it was evaluated using commercial sand to complement the bed of particles and distribution of material support along the height of reactor. Besides, it was simulated the flotation of the effluent system in order to optimize the efficient removal of solids, due to inefficiency of the system in the separation of biological solids. Among the materials selected to compose the bed of particles was chosen with the average size of sand grains equal to 0.69 mm and density of 2690 kg.'M POT.-3'. This research was divided into two experimental stages, the first being that the system was operated only under the anaerobic condition, while the second, the system was submited to anaerobic and aerobic conditions overlaped. For the first step, the system achieved greater efficiency in removing organic matter, with hydraulic detention time of 14 hours, when it was removed from 0.84 kgCODraw/'M POT.3'.day, which was applied 1.26 kgCOD/'M POT.3'.day. The mean removal efficiencies of DQOraw, DQOfiltered, BODraw, BODfiltered, TSS and VSS were 65%; 64%; 80%; 70%; 58% and 69%. The effluent had an average of 245 mgCODraw/L; 117 mgCODfiltered/L; 104 mgBODraw/L; 76 mgBODfiltered/L; 88 mgTSS/L and 69 mgVSS/L. The ammonification obtained was 90%, demonstrating the potencial of the system in the conversion of organic matter into ammonia nitrogen. For the second stage, the most efficient in the removal of organic matter was obtained with hydraulic detention time of 16 hours when it was removed from 0.29 kgCODraw/'M POT.'3.day, which was applied 0.84 kgCODraw/'M POT.3'.day. The mean removal efficiencies of CODfiltered and BODfiltered were 80% and 95%, respectively. The effluent had an average of 72 mgCODfiltered/L, and 13 mgBODfiltered/L. The ammonification obtained was 85%, however there was low efficiency in oxidation of ammonia-'N', at most 25%, and the maximum concentrations in the effluent were 4 mg'N'-'NO IND.2'POT.-'/L and 2 mg'N'-'NO IND.3'POT.-'/L, respectively. Regarding the distribution of material support, it was found that the proportion of activated granular carbon and anthracite carbon was higher on sand, in different points of collection, whereas this proportion tended to drop over the sample, moreover, was found that the characteristics of the flow are not adequate to provide fluidization/expansion of the bed of particles. The best results obtained in the simulation of the flotation of the effluent when it was applied with recirculation of air concentration of 17.5 mgair/Lsample, and ascension velocity of 10 cm/min. Removal efficiencies of TSS; FSS; VSS; COD, color and turbidity were obtained from 64; 82; 62; 62; 53 and 73%, respectively. The effluent had 63 mgTSS/L; 5 mgFSS/L; 59 mgVSS/L; 127 mgCODraw/L; 431 uC and 29 uT.
 
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Publishing Date
2009-08-27
 
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