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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2016.tde-16052016-103437
Document
Author
Full name
Larissa Nogueira Olmo
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2005
Supervisor
Committee
Zaiat, Marcelo (President)
Foresti, Eugenio
Piveli, Roque Passos
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação do antagonismo do efeito do sódio sobre o tratamento de água residuária de Charqueada com elevada salinidade em reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo (UASB)
Keywords in Portuguese
Antagonismo
Charqueada
Degradação anaeróbia
Sódio
UASB
Abstract in Portuguese
As águas residuárias provenientes da indústria do charque são conhecidas por apresentarem elevado teor de cloreto de sódio, aliado a grandes concentrações de matéria orgânica proveniente do sangue liberado ao longo do processo industrial. Esse tipo de água residuária apresenta potencial para degradação biológica, contudo, o cloreto de sódio, em concentração elevada, pode inibir a atividade dos microrganismos e, em alguns casos, levar sistemas biológicos à falência. No presente trabalho, foi avaliada a viabilidade de degradação anaeróbia de efluente sintético de Charqueada contendo elevado teor de cloreto de sódio, em reator anaeróbio tipo UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket), em escala de laboratório. Foram utilizados 4 reatores, alimentados com água residuária sintética com características similares à água residuária de Charqueada. O reator 1 foi utilizado como controle, o reator 2 recebeu NaCl e os demais (3 e 4) foram operados na presença de NaCl acrescidos de: betaína e potássio com cálcio, respectivamente. Os compostos citados são conhecidos como antagonizantes, por possuirem capacidade de minimizar o efeito inibitório do sódio sobre o processo de digestão anaeróbia. Os reatores foram inoculados com lodo de reator UASB e submetidos à concentração de 5000 mg/L de matéria orgânica, como DQO. A carga orgânica aplicada foi de 5 Kg/m3.d e os reatores não suportaram tal carga. Reiniciou-se a operação com aumento progressivo da DQO de 500 a 2000 mg/L resultando em cargas orgânicas de 0,5 a 2,0 Kg/m3.d, respectivamente. Após estabilização dos reatores, iniciou-se a fase de introdução de cloreto de sódio (1.500 a 13.500 mg/L) e antagonizantes com aumento progressivo a cada fase. Na presença ou ausência de antagonizantes, os reatores 2, 3 e 4 não tiveram o desempenho alterado até a concentração de NaCl de 6000 mg/L. Na presença de 9000 mg/L de NaCl, a betaína se mostrou pouco efetiva como soluto compatível no reator 3 e os antagonizantes do reator 4, potássio e cálcio, apresentaram efeitos estimulatórios. As morfologias encontradas ao longo do experimento foram cocos, víbrios, bacilos, sarcinas, além de morfologias semelhantes a Methanosarcina sp. e Methanosaeta sp. O aumento da concentração de cloreto de sódio provocou a redição da população de Arqueas.
Title in English
Evaluation of antagonism on the effect of sodium in wastewater treatment of "Charqueada" with high salinity using anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB)
Keywords in English
Anaerobic degradation
Antagonistic
Charqueada
Sodium
UASB
Abstract in English
Wastewaters from the charque industry (salted and dried meat) are known for their high levels of sodium chloride, allied to high organic concentrations originary from blood which is disposed along the industrial process. That kind of wastewater presents good potential for biological degradation (relationship DBO/DQO aproximately 0,5). However, the high concentration of sodium chloride can inhibit microorganisms activity and in some cases, take the biological systems to failure. The present work studied the viability of anaerobic degradation of synthetic charqueada wastewater, containing high salinity, in reactor UASB, at laboratory scale. Four reactors were used. Reactor 1 was used as control, reactor 2 received just NaCl and the two others (3 and 4) were operated in the presence of NaCl in increased with betaine and potassium with calcium, respectively. The mentioned compounds are known to be antagonists, for they possess capacity to minimize the inhibitory effect of sodium in the anaerobic digestion process. The reactors were inoculated with UASB sludge and the operation began with concentration from 5000 mg/L of organic matter, expressed as DQO. The organic load applied from 5,0 Kg/m3.d and the reactors did not support such load. The operation was restarted with progressive increase of 500 to 2000 mg/L of DQO, resulting in organic load from 0,5 to 2,0 Kg/m3.d, respectively. After reactors stabilization, the phase of introduction of NaCl (1500 to 13500 mg/L) and antagonists was started, with the progressive increase of sodium chloride and antagonists. In presence or absence of antagonists, reactors 2, 3 and 4 did not present performance alterations until the concentration of NaCl of 6000 mg/L was reached. When NaCl concentrations were from 9000 to 13500 mg/L, betaine was shown to have small effects in the reactor 3 and the antagonists of reactor 4, potassium and calcium, presented stimulant effects. The morphologies found along the experiment were: coconuts, víbrios, bacilli, sarcinas, besides morphologies similar to the Methanosarcina sp. and Methanosaeta sp. When concentrations of sodium chloride were increased the population of Arqueas were reduced.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-05-16
 
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