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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2008.tde-06102009-145706
Document
Author
Full name
Joel Dias Pinheiro Filho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2008
Supervisor
Committee
Silva, Maria Bernadete Amancio Varesche da (President)
Ratusznei, Suzana Maria
Sarti, Arnaldo
Title in Portuguese
Degradação de alquilbenzeno linear sulfonado em reator anaeróbio operado em bateladas seqüenciais com biomassa imobilizada em carvão vegetal
Keywords in Portuguese
Adsorção
ASBBR
Carvão vegetal
LAS
Surfactante
Abstract in Portuguese
Neste trabalho foi utilizado reator anaeróbio operado em bateladas seqüenciais com biomassa imobilizada para avaliação da remoção e degradação de alquilbenzeno sulfonado linear (LAS). O volume útil do sistema foi de 2,6 L, sendo a temperatura mantida constante a 30 '+ OU -' 1 grau Celsius. O inóculo, lodo proveniente de reator UASB utilizado no tratamento de resíduos de suinocultura, foi imobilizado em partículas de carvão vegetal. A alimentação consistiu de substrato sintético acrescido de LAS. A operação foi dividida em quatro etapas: (1) substrato sintético sem LAS, (2) substrato sintético acrescido de 12 '+ OU -' 3 mg/L de LAS, (3) substrato sintético acrescido de 32 '+ OU -' 5 mg/L de LAS e (4) substrato sintético sem sacarose acrescido de 10 '+ OU -' 2 mg/L de LAS. O reator, operado durante 256 dias, mostrou estabilidade operacional sob baixas concentrações de LAS (12 '+ OU -' 3 e 10 '+ OU -' 2 mg/L). A elevação da concentração de LAS a 32 '+ OU -' 5 mg/L influenciou negativamente o processo de digestão anaeróbia. Nessa concentração, atingiu-se a mínima eficiência de remoção média de DQO (53% '+ OU -' 12 p.p.) e houve consumo de alcalinidade (valor mínimo de 241 mg 'CA''CO IND.3'/L) associado ao acúmulo de ácidos voláteis (concentração máxima de 97 mgHAc/L). Sob essas condições, atribui-se o inadequado desempenho do reator possivelmente ao comprometimento de suas condições hidrodinâmicas, que podem ter sido afetadas pela produção excessiva de exopolímeros. Com a diminuição da concentração de LAS a 10 '+ OU -' 2 mg/L o sistema mostrou recuperação. Nessa última fase foi verificada remoção de 70% '+ OU -' 5 p.p. de DQO, para 61 dias de operação. O balanço de massa do LAS indicou remoção de 18%, enquanto que sua degradação biológica atingiu 16%. Conclui-se que configuração testada, com biomassa imobilizada, não foi considerada adequada ao tratamento de águas residuárias contendo LAS. As análises microscópicas revelaram ampla variedade morfológica e não se constatou diferenças significativas quanto as morfologias encontradas no inóculo e durante as fases de operação. Por meio de técnicas de biologia molecular (PCR/DGGE), constatou-se que o meio suporte foi seletivo para o domínio Bacteria.
Title in English
Biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor with biomass immobilization in charcoal
Keywords in English
Adsorption
ASBBR
Charcoal
LAS
Surfactant
Abstract in English
This work used an anaerobic sequencing biofilm batch reactor aiming the removal and degradation of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). Biomass from an UASB reactor treating suine wastewater was immobilized in charcoal fragments. The reactor was fed with synthetic substrate with addition of LAS. Feeding happened in four stages: (1) synthetic substrate without LAS, (2) synthetic substrate with LAS at 12 ±3 mg/L, (3) synthetic substrate with LAS at 32 ±5 mg/L and (4) synthetic substrate with LAS at 10 ±2 mg/L. The reactor, which was monitored for 256 days, has shown good stability under low LAS concentrations (12 ±3 e 10 ±2 mg/L). Rising in LAS concentration to 32 ±5 mg/L have negatively influenced anaerobic digestion. At this concentration, the lowest organic matter removal efficiency (55% ±12 p.p.) was attained and alkalinity consumption took place (lowest value of 241 mgCaCO3/L) associated with amassing of volatile acids (peak value of 97 mgHAc/L). Under these conditions, the ill-suited performance shown by the reactor is assumed to be caused by the compromising of the reactors hydrodynamics properties, which could have been affected by the observed extracellular polymers overproduction. The reactor showed good performance recovery when the LAS concentration was lowered to 10 ±2 mg/L. The last stage reached 70% ±5 p.p. of organic matter removal efficiency within 61 days. LAS mass balance indicated that 18% of the mass affluent to the reactor were removed by biodegradation and adsorption, while 16% were biologically degraded. Upon the obtained results, it was concluded that the proposed configuration is not suited in treating wastewaters containing LAS. Microscopic investigations have revealed notable microbial morphological variety and it could not been distinguished significative differences between inoculums and reactors samples microbial morphologies. Through Molecular Biology techniques (PCR/DGGE), it was observed that the support material has allowed growth of some bacterial populations that were not found in the inoculum.
 
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Joel_Pinheiro.pdf (3.04 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2009-10-07
 
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