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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.18.2012.tde-04052012-090015
Document
Author
Full name
Lívia Silva Botta
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2012
Supervisor
Committee
Varesche, Maria Bernadete Amancio (President)
Nitschke, Marcia
Zaiat, Marcelo
Title in Portuguese
Papel como fonte alternativa para produção anaeróbia de hidrogênio
Keywords in Portuguese
Celulase
Clostridium sp.
Fermentação
Fluido de rúmen
Papel sulfite
Pré-tratamento ácido
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção de 'H IND.2' a partir da degradação de papel sulfite com a utilização de consórcio microbiano obtido do fluido ruminal, na presença e ausência da celulase. Para obtenção de consórcio de bactérias essencialmente produtoras de ' H IND.2', fluido de rúmen in natura, utilizado como inóculo, foi submetido a tratamento ácido (pH 3 por 24 h), e posteriormente enriquecido em meio de cultura Del Nery modificado em diluições seriais. Nos ensaios de produção de 'H IND.2' foi utilizado 10% (v/v) desse inóculo em reatores com diferentes concentrações de papel e celulase, e em reatores controle, nos quais não houve adição de celulase. Reator anaeróbio em batelada, em triplicata, com papel sulfite e meio Del Nery modificado, foi mantido a 37 ºC, pH inicial 7,0, com headspace preenchido com 'N IND.2' (100%) para os seguintes ensaios: (1) 0,5 g papel/L e 4 mL celulase/L; (2) 2,0 g papel/L e 15 mL celulase/ L; (3) 4,0 g papel/L e 30 mL celulase/L; (CT 1) 0,5 g papel/L; (CT 2) 2,0 g papel/L; (CT 3) 4,0 g papel/L. Os rendimentos de 'H IND.2' foram 42, 26,6 e 24 mmol' H IND.2'/g papel para os ensaios 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Não houve produção de 'H IND.2' nos reatores controle. O consumo de substrato, avaliado como glicose, foi de 56%, 56,6% e 65,4% para os ensaios 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Nos reatores controle não foi detectado consumo de papel. Em todos os reatores com celulase foi detectado principalmente ácido butírico, além de ácido acético e álcoois. Nos reatores controle foram detectados principalmente ácido acético e ácido iso-butírico. Para os ensaios 1, 2, 3, CT 1, CT 2 e CT 3, os valores de pH final foram 4,6; 3,7; 3,5; 6,8; 6,6 e 6,5, respectivamente. Bacilos Gram positivos e formadores de endósporos foram predominantes em todos os reatores. A partir da análise de PCR/DGGE foi possível observar alteração de 78% entre a comunidade original do fluido de rúmen e a comunidade microbiana presente ao final dos ensaios. Por meio da clonagem e sequenciamento do gene RNAr 16S, verificou-se similaridade de 95% a 99% com Clostridium no consórcio bacteriano do reator com papel e celulase. A produção biológica de 'H IND.2' nos reatores com celulase foi provavelmente devido as bactérias que estiveram presentes nas condições estudadas, identificadas, principalmente, como Clostridium sp., reconhecidas como produtoras de 'H IND.2', ácidos voláteis e álcoois. A adição de celulase foi essencial para a hidrólise do papel em carboidratos solúveis, permitindo a produção de H2 pelas bactérias presentes no consórcio microbiano.
Title in English
Paper as an alternative source for anaerobic production
Keywords in English
Acid pretreatment
Cellulase
Clostridium sp.
Fermentation
Office paper
Ruminal fluid
Abstract in English
The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of 'H IND.2' from office paper degradation by using a microbial consortium obtained from rumen fluid, in the presence and absence of cellulase. In order to obtain a microbial consortium consisting mainly of hydrogen producing bacteria, rumen fluid, used as inoculum, was subjected to acid pretreatment (pH 3 for 24 h), and subsequently enriched in the modified Del Nery medium in serial dilutions. In hydrogen production assays there was used 10% (v/v) of the pretreated inoculum in reactors with different concentrations of paper and cellulase, and in control reactors, without cellulase. Anaerobic batch reactor (5 L), in triplicate, with office paper and modificated Del Nery medium, was kept in 37 ºC and initial pH 7,0, with headspace filled with 'N IND.2' (100%), for the following assays: (1) 0,5 g paper/L e 4mL cellulase/L; (2) 2,0 g paper/L e 15 mL cellulase/ L; (3) 4,0 g paper/L e 30 mL cellulase/L; (CT 1) 0,5 g paper/L; (CT 2) 2,0 g paper/L; (CT 3 ) 4,0 g paper/L. Hydrogen yields were 42, 26,6 and 24 mmol 'H IND.2'/g paper for the assays 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Hydrogen production was not detected in the control reactors. Substrate consumption percentage, measured as glucose, was 56%, 56,6% and 65,4%, respectively for the assays 1, 2 and 3. Paper consumption was not detected in the control reactors. Butyric acid, low concentration of acetic acid, and alcohols were detected in the reactors with cellulase. In the control reactor it was observed mainly acetic and iso-butyric acids. Final pH values were 4,6; 3,7; 3,5; 6,8; 6,6 and 6,5 for the assays 1, 2, 3, CT 1, CT 2 and CT 3, respectively. It was observed a predominance of Gram positive endospore-forming rods. From PCR/DGGE analysis it was possible to observe an alteration of 78% between the original microbial community of the ruminal fluid and the microbial community present at the end of the assays. From cloning and sequencing analysis of RNAr 16S gene, there was verified similarity of 95-99% with Clostridium in the microbial consortium. The biological hydrogen production in the assays with cellulase was probably due to bacteria present in the conditions studied, mainly identified as Clostridium sp., known as producers of hydrogen, organic acids and alcohols. The addition of cellulase was essential to promote paper breakdown into soluble carbohydrates, which allowed hydrogen production by bacteria present in the consortium.
 
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LIVIASILVABOTTA.pdf (3.41 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2012-05-11
 
WARNING: The material described below relates to works resulting from this thesis or dissertation. The contents of these works are the author's responsibility.
  • RATTI, REGIANE PRISCILA, et al. Microbial diversity of hydrogen-producing bacteria in batch reactors fed with cellulose using leachate as inoculum [doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.05.089]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy [online], 2013, vol. 38, p. 9707-9717.
  • RATTI, REGIANE PRISCILA, et al. Production of H2 from cellulose by rumen microorganisms: effects of inocula pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis [doi:10.1007/s10529-013-1395-z]. Biotechnology Letters (Dordrecht. Online) [online], 2014, vol. 36, p. 537-546.
  • BOTTA, L. S., et al. Addition of cellulase in a batch reactor of hydrogen production from paper fermentation. In 13 World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion - Recovering (bio) Resources for the World, Santiago de Compostela, 2013. Proceedings of 13th World Congress on Anaerobic Digestion., 2013.
  • BOTTA, L. S., et al. Enzymatic hydrolisis of cellulose coupled with biohydrogen production by anaerobic microbial consortium. In Simpósio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Rio Claro - SP, 2011. Simpósio de Microbiologia Aplicada., 2011. Abstract.
  • BOTTA, L. S., et al. Hydrogen generation from office paper by Clostridium. In The International Conference on Hydrogen Production (ICH2P), Seoul - Korea, 2012. The International Conference on Hydrogen Production (ICH2P)., 2012.
  • BOTTA, L. S., et al. Utilization of lignocellulosic residues for hydrogen production in anaerobic reactor by paper degradation. In X Latin American Workshop and Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion, Ouro Preto - MG, 2011. X DAAL., 2011.
  • SARTORI, R. P. R., et al. Bioconversion of cellulose to hydrogen by dark fermentation. In Simpósio de Microbiologia Aplicada, Rio Claro - SP, 2011. Simpósio de Microbiologia Aplicada., 2011. Abstract.
  • SARTORI, R. P. R., et al. Comparison of different pretreatment methods for enriching hydrogen producing bacteria from cellulose digestion by ruminal fluid microflora. In 6th Annual International Symposium on Environment, Athenas - Grécia, 2011. Annual International Symposium on Environment., 2011.
  • SARTORI, R. P. R., BOTTA, L. S., and VARESCHE, M. B. A. Fermentative hydrogen production from leachate in batch reactors with cellulose. In X Latin American Workshop and Symposium on Anaerobic Digestion, Ouro Preto - MG, 2011. X DAAL., 2011.
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