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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.18.2003.tde-29092015-091334
Document
Author
Full name
Rosenda Valdés Arencibia
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Carlos, 2003
Supervisor
Committee
Di Giacomo, Benedito (President)
Ribeiro, José Francisco Ferreira
Ruffino, Rosalvo Tiago
Sato, Denise Pizarro Vieira
Tsunaki, Roberto Hideaki
Title in Portuguese
Sintetização dos erros termicamente induzidos em máquinas de medir a três coordenadas
Keywords in Portuguese
Drift térmico
Erros termicamente induzidos
Estados térmicos
Gradientes térmicos espaciais
Abstract in Portuguese
O desempenho das Máquinas de Medir a Três Coordenadas (MM3Cs) fica limitado por diversos fatores, que atuam de maneira conjunta gerando os denominados erros volumétricos. Para a temperatura de 20ºC os erros geométricos podem ser considerados constantes, uma vez que variam muito lentamente com o tempo. Porém, se a temperatura é alterada estes erros mudam em grandeza e comportamento, gerando os denominados erros térmicos. Alguns trabalhos têm sido desenvolvidos com o objetivo de estudar e modelar os erros térmicos, porém os resultados alcançados são, ainda, incipientes. Este trabalho apresenta o equacionamento das componentes do erro volumétrico das MM3Cs considerando as influências térmicas. A medelagem foi aplicada a uma MM3C do tipo "Ponte Móvel" e combina transformações homogêneas, técnicas de regressão e mínimos quadrados. As grandezas dos erros geométricos e das variações termicamente induzidas destes erros foram coletadas utilizando-se do interferômetro laser, do esquadro mecânico, do nível eletrônico, etc. Os valores das temperaturas foram monitorados através de termopares do tipo T (Cobre-Constantan). Verificou-se que a Máquina não experimenta deformações, além, das provocadas pela livre dilatação dos seus componentes. A partir do modelo proposto foram sintetizadas as componentes do erro volumétrico, os resultados foram discutidos e comparados com aqueles obtidos através da medição de um anel padrão, constatando-se a excelente capacidade do modelo na previsão do erro volumétrico da máquina. No caso, erros da ordem de grandeza de 10 μm foram reduzidos em pelo menos 75%, enquanto que para erros maiores que 10 μm a eficiência do modelo foi de 90%.
Title in English
Synthesization of thermally induced errors in coordinate measuring machines
Keywords in English
Spatial thermal gradients
Thermal drift
Thermal states
Thermally induced errors
Abstract in English
Performance of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) is limited by numerous factors that operate simultaneously and generate volumetric errors. The most significant portion of the volumetric error is produced by geometric errors. At the temperature of 20ºC, geometric errors can be considered at steady states, once their variation in time is considerably slow. However, if temperature is modified, these errors change in magnitude and behaviour, generating the thermal induced errors. Some work has been developed aiming to study and model the thermal errors, but the achieved results are still incipient. This work presents the derivation of the components of the volumetric error considering its thermal influences. The method was employed and applied to moving bridge CMM and combines homogeneous transformation, regression techniques and least squares methods. The magnitudes of the geometric errors and its thermally induced variations were collected by means of a laser interferometer system, mechanical square, electronic level, etc. Temperature data were monitored by means of T-type thermocouples (copper-constantan). It was verified that the CMM was not susceptible to deformations other than the ones due to the dilatation of its components. From the proposed model, the components of volumetric error were synthesized; the results were discussed and compared to the ones obtained from the measurement of a ring plug, observing the outstanding ability of the model to predict the volumetric error of the machine. Errors of 10 μm in magnitude were reduced in at least 75%, whilst errors greater than 10 μm, presented a reduction efficiency of 90%. It was verified that the CMM was not susceptible to deformations other than the ones due to the dilatation of its components.
 
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Publishing Date
2015-09-29
 
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