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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2017.tde-21072016-155101
Document
Author
Full name
Milena Carvalho Libardi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Pontes Neto, Octávio Marques (President)
Abud, Daniel Giansante
Fabio, Soraia Ramos Cabette
Santos, Antonio Carlos dos
Title in Portuguese
Acurácia da ultrassonografia transcraniana colorida no diagnóstico de forame oval patente
Keywords in Portuguese
Acidente vascular cerebral
Doppler transcraniano
Forame oval patente
Ultrassonografia transcraniana colorida
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução:O Forame Oval Patente (FOP) é a comunicação direita-esquerda (CDE) ou shunt direita-esquerda (SDE) mais comum e frequentemente encontrada em adultos jovens com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) relacionado ao mecanismo de embolia paradoxal. A Ecocardiografia Transesofágia (ETE) é considerada o padrão para visualização direta do FOP. O Doppler Transcraniano com o teste de microbolhas é frequentemente usado para detectar CDE com boa correlação com o ETE para o diagnóstico de FOP. Mais recentemente, a Ultrassonografia Transcraniana Colorida (TCCS) com inclusão do modo-B e fluxo de cor tem superado o DTC (que é realizado "as cegas") em muitas aplicações clínicas mas a acurácia do TCCS para a detecção de CDE e FOP não tem sido sistematicamente avaliada. Objetivo: Determinar se o TCCS é uma ferramenta acurada para identificar tanto FOP quanto CDE. Métodos: Foram recrutados 106 pacientes prospectivamente com Acidente Vascular Cerebral Isquêmico menores de 55 anos admitidos na Unidade de Emergência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (HCFMRP). Os pacientes foram submetidos aos exames de ETE, DTC e TCCS e todos os exames incluíram a técnica do teste de microbolhas. Os examinadores foram cegos para os resultados desses exames e foi calculado a concordância Kappa de Cohen inter-examinadores para o TCCS e DTC. A acurácia para o TCCS foi calculada em comparação ao ETE. Resultados: Foram detectados CDE em 54 (50.9%) dos pacientes (idade média 43.9 ± 8.2 anos) com Kappa de Cohen de 0.92 (IC 95% 0.78-1.0) quando realizados TCCS e TCD. TEE e TCSS foram positivos em 23/98 (23.4%) e ETE negative em 20/98 (20.4%). Em 30 (28.3%) o ETE revelou FOP. O TCSS teve uma sensibilidade de 88.4%(IC 95% 0.68-0.97) e especificidade de 72.2%(IC 95% 0.60-0.81) e uma razão de verossimilhança positive de 3.18 (IC 95% 2.14-4.73) para o diagnóstico de FOP. Conclusão: TCCS e DTC tiveram excelente concordância. TCCS tem uma boa acurácia para a detecção de FOP e CDE em pacientes jovens com Acidente Vascular Isquêmico
Title in English
Transcranal color coded sonography for detection of patent foramen ovale in young patients with stroke
Keywords in English
Patent foramen ovale
Stroke
Transcranial color coded sonography
Transcranial doppler
Abstract in English
Introduction: Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is the most common right-to-left shunt (RLS) and is often found in young patients with stroke related to paradoxical embolism. ContrastEnhanced Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) is considered a gold standard to visualize PFO. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) with bubble test is often used to detect RLS with good correlation to TEE for the diagnostic of PFO. More recently, Transcranial Color Coded Sonography (TCCS) which included B-mode and color coded imaging has overcome blind TCD in many clinical applications but the accuracy of TCCS for detection of RLS and PFO has not been systematically evaluated. Hypothesis: To determine if the TCCS is an accurate tool to identify both PFO and RLS. Methods: We investigate 106 patients with ischemic stroke under 55 years-old admitted from 2012 to 2014 in a tertiary academic hospital. Patients were evaluated with TEE, TCD and TCCS, and all exams included a saline bubble test. The examiners were blinded for the other tests results. Kappa agreement was calculated inter-examiners for TCCS and TCD. Accuracy of TCCS was calculated in comparison to TEE. Results: We detected a RLS in 54 (50.9%) patients (age mean 43.9 ± 8.2) with kappa agreement 0.92 (95%CI 0.78-1.0) when performed TCCS and TCD. TEE and TCSS were positive in 23/98 (23.4%) and TEE did not reveal contrast in 20/98 (20.4%). In 30 (28.3%) patients only TEE revealed a PFO. TCSS had a sensitivity of 88.4% (95%CI 0.68-0.97), specificity of 72.2% (95%CI 0.60-0.81) and positive likelihood ratio of 3.18 (2.14-4.73) of the diagnosis of PFO. Conclusion: TCCS and TCD had an excellent agreement. TCCS has a good accuracy for the detection of PFO and RLS in young patients with stroke
 
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Publishing Date
2017-04-04
 
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