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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2017.tde-01022016-145219
Document
Author
Full name
Fernando Bermudes Cabral
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Abud, Daniel Giansante (President)
Fabio, Soraia Ramos Cabette
Pontes Neto, Octávio Marques
Title in Portuguese
Estudo das lesões hiperdensas em tomografias computadorizadas de crânio de pacientes submetidos a tratamento endovascular para o acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo
Keywords in Portuguese
ASPECTS
AVC
Barreira hemato-encefálica
Tomografia computadorizada de crânio
Tratamento endovascular
Trombectomia mecânica
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: As imagens de lesões hiperdensas encontradas em exames de tomografia (TC) de crânio após o tratamento endovascular do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi) agudo têm sido correlacionadas ao risco de transformação hemorrágica após o AVC. Entretanto, a correlação entre as lesões hiperdensas e a área cerebral infartada é desconhecida. O objetivo deste estudo é determinar a correlação entre as lesões hiperdensas encontradas em TC de crânio realizadas logo após tratamento endovascular do AVCi agudo e a área de AVC isquêmico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram coletados retrospectivamente dados radiológicos de pacientes com AVCi agudo por oclusão de grandes vasos da circulação anterior submetidos ao tratamento endovascular. Foram analisadas imagens de TC de crânio nas primeiras 24 horas e até 21 dias após o tratamento. As áreas hiperdensas foram classificadas utilizando o escore ASPECTS e comparadas com as áreas de AVC isquêmico final pelo mesmo escore. As imagens foram analisadas independentemente por dois avaliadores, sendo que um terceiro avaliador analisou os casos discordantes. A concordância entre avaliadores (CCI) e os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, preditivos positivo e negativos e acurácia foram calculados. RESULTADOS: Lesões hiperdensas foram encontradas em 71 dos 93 (76,34%) pacientes com AVC isquêmico de circulação anterior. As áreas captantes de contraste corresponderam às áreas de AVC final segundo o escore ASPECTS (CCI=0,58 [0,40 0,71]). Os valores para cada região individual foram avaliados e a sensibilidade variou de 58,3% a 96,9%, a especificidade de 42,9% a 95,6%, os valores preditivos positivos de 71,4% a 97,7%, os valores preditivos negativos de 53,8% a 79,5% e os valores de acurácia de 0,68 a 0,91. Os maiores valores de sensibilidade foram encontrados para os núcleos lentiforme (96,9%) e caudado (80,4%) e para a cápsula interna (87,5%) e os menores para os córtices M1 (58,3%) e M6 (66,7%). CONCLUSÕES: A aplicação do escore ASPECTS para avaliação das imagens de tomografia de crânio após o tratamento endovascular do AVCi agudo que apresentam captação de contraste, demonstrou ser uma ferramenta útil para a predição da área final de infarto cerebral. A predição foi maior na região profunda e menor nos córtices cerebrais, provavelmente devido maior circulação colateral cortical. Além disso, o método se mostrou reprodutível e de fácil utilização.
Title in English
Study of hyperdense lesions on computed tomography scan on the head of patients undergoing endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke
Keywords in English
ASPECTS
Blood-brain barrier
Computed tomography of the head
Mechanical thrombectomy
Stroke
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: The hyperdense lesions images found in head computed tomography (CT) scan after endovascular treatment have been correlated to risk of hemorrhagic transformation after stroke. However, the correlation between hyperdense lesions and the infarcted brain area is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the hyperdense lesions found on CT scan performed after endovacular treatment of acute stroke and final ischemic stroke area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was collected radiological data of patients with acute ischemic stroke by occlusion of large vessels in the anterior circulation were treated with endovascular treatment. Head CT scan were evaluated in the first 24 hours and by 21 days after treatment. The hyperdense areas were rated using the ASPECTS score and compared with final ischemic stroke by the same score. The images were analyzed independently by two reviewers, and a third evaluator examined the discordant cases. The interrater agreement (ICC) and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy were calculated. RESULTS: hyperdense lesions were found in 71 of 93 (76.34%) patients with ischemic stroke of anterior circulation. The contrast iodineaccumulating areas corresponded to the final stroke areas (ICC = 0.58 [0.40 to 0.71]) as the ASPECTS score. The values for each individual region were evaluated and the sensitivity ranged from 58.3% to 96.9%, specificity of 42.9% to 95.6%, the positive predictive value of 71.4% to 97, 7%, the negative predictive value of 53.8% to 79.5% and the accuracy of values from 0.68 to 0.91. The higher sensitivity found for lenticular nuclei (96.9%) and caudate (80.4%) and the internal capsule (87.5%) and lower for M1 (58.3%) and M6 (66.7%) cortices. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the ASPECTS score for evaluation of CT head scan after endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke images that exhibit contrast enhancement proved to be a useful tool for predicting the final ischemic stroke area. The prediction was higher in the deep region and lower in the cerebral cortex, probably because the cortical collateral circulation. Futhermore, these method was reproducible and easy to use.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-03-28
 
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