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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2014.tde-21052014-100327
Document
Author
Full name
Morgana Kelly Borges Prado
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2014
Supervisor
Committee
Faccioli, Lucia Helena (President)
Machado, Cleni Mara Marzocchi
Soares, Angela Maria Victoriano de Campos
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação das prostaglandinas e leucotrienos na infecção pulmonar induzida por Achromobacter xylosoxidans
Keywords in Portuguese
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
leucotrienos
mediadores lipídicos
pneumonia
prostaglandinas
Abstract in Portuguese
Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) é um bacilo gram negativo, aeróbio, móvel, não fermentador de glicose e oxidase positivo, que coloniza habitualmente o trato digestivo e auditivo de humanos. Este bacilo tem sido associado a infecções oportunistas graves, especialmente pneumonia, em indivíduos imunossuprimidos, que em geral, são de difícil controle devido principalmente a fatores de virulência, mecanismos de escape e mutirresistência a antibióticoterapia. Dentre as condições que predispõem o desenvolvimento de infecção pulmonar por A. xylosoxidans, o câncer, a fibrose cística (FC) e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) são as mais comuns. Essas doenças apresentam produção aumentada de vários mediadores lipídicos, como LTB4 e PGE2. A PGE2 é um lipídeo imunossupressor atuante no sistema imune inato e adaptativo que regula, por exemplo, a liberação de citocinas e quimiocinas, a ativação de células T, além de inibir as funções efetoras dos macrófagos. O LTB4, por outro lado, está associado ao recrutamento de células para o foco infeccioso, a ativação dos mecanismos efetores dos macrófagos, e aumento de mediadores inflamatórios. Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo foi investigar se, esses mediadores são liberados durante a infecção pulmonar por A. xylosoxidans e o possível papel dos mesmos. Nossos resultados demonstram que os tratamentos com celecoxibe, inibidor da síntese de prostaglandinas (PGs), nas doses de 1mg/kg ou 5mg/kg, não alteram a sobrevida dos animais infectados com inóculo letal ou subletal de A. xylosoxidans. No entanto, o tratamento com MK886, um inibidor da produção de leucotrienos (LTs), resultou em aumento da mortalidade dos animais infectados com inóculos letal ou subletal, redução do recrutamento de neutrófilos no dia 1 após infecção, redução de IL-6 do dia 14 e aumento de TNF-, IL-1 e MIP-1 no dia 7, KC no dia 14 e PGE2, em todos os períodos estudados. Este tratamento também induziu no lavado broncoalveolar, a diminuição não significativa do extravasamento de proteínas no dia 1, mas aumento significativo no dia 3. Com base nesses dados, podemos sugerimos que o tratamento com MK886 aumenta a mortalidade dos animais, devido ao aumento da permeabilidade vascular, com consequente edema, que leva os animais a insuficiência respiratória. Outros experimentos serão realizados para determinar o papel das prostaglandinas (PGs) e/ou metabolitos do ácido araquidônico neste fenômeno.
Title in English
Evaluation of prostaglandin and leukotrienes in lung infection induced by Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
Keywords in English
Achromobacter xylosoxidans.
Leukotrienes
Lipid mediators
Pneumonia
Prostaglandins
Abstract in English
Achromobacter xylosoxidans (A. xylosoxidans) is a gram negative bacilli, aerobic, mobile, glucose non fermenter and oxidase positive, which normally colonizes the digestive and auditory tract of humans. This bacillus has been associated with severe opportunistic infections, especially pneumonia, in immunocompromised individuals, which are generally difficult to control mainly due to virulence factors, mechanisms and exhaust multidrug resistance to antibiotic therapy. Among the conditions that predispose the development of pulmonary infection by A. xylosoxidans, cancer, cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the most common. These diseases have increased production of various lipid mediators, such as LTB4 and PGE2. PGE2 is an immunosuppressive lipid active in the innate and adaptive immune system that regulates, for example, the release of cytokines and chemokines, activation of T cells and inhibits the effector functions of macrophages. LTB4, on the other hand, is associated with the recruitment of cells to the infection, and the activation of effector mechanisms of macrophages, and increased production of inflammatory mediators. In this study, our aim was to investigate whether these mediators are released during pulmonary infection by A. xylosoxidans and the possible role of the same. Our results demonstrate that treatment with celecoxib, prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (PGs), at doses of 1mg/kg or 5mg/kg not alter the survival of animals infected with lethal or sublethal inoculum of A. xylosoxidans. However, treatment with MK886, an inhibitor of the production of leukotrienes (LTs) resulted in an increased mortality of the animals infected with lethal or sublethal inoculum, reduce the recruitment of neutrophils on day 1 after infection, reduction in IL-6 day 14 and increased TNF-, IL-1 and MIP-1 at day 7, KC in day 14 and PGE2 in all periods. This treatment also induced in the bronchoalveolar lavage, no significant decrease protein extravasation in the day 1, but significantly increased on day 3. Based on these data, we suggest that treatment with MK886 increases the mortality of animals due to increased vascular permeability, with consequent edema, which leads the animals to respiratory failure. Other experiments will be conducted to determine the role of prostaglandins (PGs) and/or metabolites of arachidonic acid in this phenomenon.
 
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Publishing Date
2014-05-23
 
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