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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.17.2019.tde-16102019-105228
Document
Author
Full name
Maria Cláudia Magalhães Cavallini
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Cunha, Thiago Mattar (President)
Bonato, Vania Luiza Deperon
Amaral, Flávio Almeida
Lucas, Guilherme de Araujo
Title in Portuguese
Papel do receptor Toll-like 9 (TLR9) no desenvolvimento da dor neuropática causada por lesão de nervos periféricos
Keywords in Portuguese
Dor neuropática
Nervo periférico
Neutrófilos
Receptores Toll-like 9
Abstract in Portuguese
A dor crônica representa um crescente problema de saúde pública a nível mundial, afeta cerca de 30% dos adultos em todo o mundo. É frequentemente debilitante, intensa, constante e muitas vezes resistente à maioria das terapias disponíveis no mercado atual. Dentre os tipos de dor crônica que apresentam grande importância clínica, está a dor neuropática, foco do nosso estudo. Interações neuro-imunes são essenciais para o desenvolvimento e a manutenção da dor neuropática. Nesse contexto, destacam-se células do sistema imune inato, como neutrófilos, primeiras células a responderem a uma lesão no nervo periférico. Uma vez ativadas, desempenham um importante papel na sensibilização do neurônio aferente primário. Para sua ativação são necessários receptores de reconhecimento padrão (PRRs), importantes sensores inatos, que distinguem estruturas microbianas conservadas, referidas como padrões moleculares associados à patógenos (PAMPs) e substâncias endógenas liberadas durante processos de lesão celular, denominadas padrões moleculares associados à lesão (DAMPs). Dentre esses receptores, destacam-se os TLRs (receptores do tipo Toll). Em um cenário de lesão neuronal, DAMPs mitocondriais são liberados na circulação, como exemplo, temos o DNA mitocondrial, que é amplamente liberado por células nervosas lesionadas e ativa receptores Toll-like 9 (TLR9) por conter em seu genoma repetições de ODN-CpG. Foi demonstrado neste trabalho que, o receptor TLR9 tem envolvimento na hipersensibilidade nociceptiva neuropática, causada por lesão mecânica do nervo periférico, induzida pelo modelo experimental de PSNL. Há aumento da expressão de TLR9 no local da lesão no primeiro dia após indução do modelo, principalmente em neutrófilos. A sinalização do receptor TLR9 resulta tanto no recrutamento de leucócitos, majoritariamente neutrófilos e macrófagos, quanto na liberação de citocinas pró inflamatórias, capazes de sensibilizar o neurônio aferente primário. Essa sensibilização periférica contínua pode acarretar em plasticidade neuronal na via nociceptiva, levando à amplificação do sinal doloroso e cronificação da dor. Os dados obtidos demonstram que a sinalização de TLR9 é crucial para o desenvolvimento da dor crônica neuropática, tendo seu papel demonstrado no sistema nervoso periférico, caracterizando um potencial alvo terapêutico para o tratamento da dor
Title in English
Role of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the development of neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injury
Keywords in English
Neuropathic pain
Neutrophils
Peripheral nerve
Toll-like 9 receptor
Abstract in English
Chronic pain represents a growing public health problem worldwide, affecting about 30% of adults. It is often debilitating, intense, constant and frequently resistant to most of the therapies available today. Among the types of chronic pain that present great clinical importance is neuropathic pain, focus of our study. Neuroimmune interactions are essential for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. In this context, cells of the innate immune system, such as neutrophils, are the first cells to respond to a peripheral nerve lesion. Once activated, they play an important role in sensitizing the primary afferent neuron. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are required for this cells activation. PRRs are important innate sensors, that distinguish conserved microbial structures, referred as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and endogenous substances released during cellular injury processes, called molecular patterns associated with injury (DAMPs). Among these receptors, the TLRs (Toll-like receptors) stand out. In a scenario of neuronal injury, mitochondrial DAMPs are released into the circulation, for example, mitochondrial DNA which is widely released by injured nerve cells and activates Toll-like receptors 9 (TLR9) by containing in its genome repeats of ODN-CpG. It has been demonstrated here that TLR9 is involved in neuropathic nociceptive hypersensitivity, caused by mechanical injury of peripheral nerve, induced by the experimental model of PSNL. There is increased TLR9 expression at the lesion site on the first day after induction of the model, mainly on neutrophils. TLR9 signaling results in both the recruitment of leukocytes, mostly neutrophils and macrophages, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines capable of sensitizing the primary afferent neuron. This continuous peripheral sensitization can lead to neuronal plasticity in the nociceptive pathway, leading to amplification of the pain signal and chronification of pain. The data obtained demonstrate that TLR9 signaling is crucial for the development of chronic neuropathic pain, and its role is demonstrated in the peripheral nervous system, characterizing a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of pain
 
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Publishing Date
2019-11-12
 
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