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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2016.tde-05012017-130402
Document
Author
Full name
Naiara Naiana Dejani
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Medeiros, Alexandra Ivo de (President)
Pereira, Vanessa Carregaro
Basso, Alexandre Salgado
Cardoso, Cristina Ribeiro de Barros
Silva, Aristóbolo Mendes da
Title in Portuguese
Prostaglandina E2 via EP4/IL-1R inibe a diferenciação de células Th17 durante a eferocitose de células infectadas
Keywords in Portuguese
Eferocitose
EP4
Prostaglandina E2
Receptor de IL-1β
Th17
Abstract in Portuguese
A fagocitose de células apoptóticas promove a síntese de mediadores como o fator de transformação de crescimento (TGF-β), a prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e a interleucina-10 (IL- 10), importantes para a diferenciação de células T reguladoras (Treg). No entanto, a fagocitose de células apoptóticas infectadas, por células dendríticas, resulta na síntese de citocinas, tais como TGF-β, IL-6 e IL-23, que sabidamente favorecem a diferenciação de linfócitos T heper 17 (Th17). Resultados preliminares obtidos por nosso grupo demonstram que, além destas citocinas, a PGE2 também é produzida durante a eferocitose de células infectadas, no entanto, nada se sabia até o momento quanto ao envolvimento deste prostanóide no processo de diferenciação de linfócitos Th17. Desta forma, a hipótese deste trabalho fundamentou-se no estudo do mecanismo de sinalização intracelular pelo qual a PGE2, via receptor E prostanóide (EP), estaria envolvida na diferenciação de linfócitos Th17, no contexto da eferocitose. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que além da produção de TGF-β e IL-6, a fagocitose de células apoptóticas infectadas com Escherichia coli, por células dendríticas, induz a síntese de altos níveis de PGE2 e IL-1β, previamente descritos como indutores de Th17. Entretanto, diferente da nossa hipótese original, a presença da PGE2 inibiu a diferenciação de linfócitos Th17, uma vez que a ausência deste prostanóide resultou no aumento da porcentagem e número de linfócitos Th17. O tratamento de linfócitos T CD4+ naive com antagonistas e agonistas de EP2/EP4 demonstrou que o efeito supressor da PGE2 é mediado primordialmente pelo receptor EP4, via ativação de cAMP e PKA. Além disso, o eixo PGE2-EP4 modulou negativamente a expressão do receptor de IL-1β (IL-1R), comprometendo, desta forma, a diferenciação de Th17. Ainda, in vivo, no modelo de colite infeciosa por Citrobacter rodentium, a inibição da síntese da PGE2 ou o bloqueio do receptor EP4 resultou no aumentou da população de linfócitos Th17 e da expressão de peptídeos antimicrobianos no cólon, além de uma drástica redução na carga bacteriana. Por fim, o conjunto destes resultados demonstram que a PGE2, via EP4-PKA-IL-1R, suprime a diferenciação de linfócitos Th17, in vitro e in vivo, e desvenda um mecanismo inédito na modulação da resposta imune adaptativa de linfócitos Th17 promovido pela PGE2, no contexto da eferocitose.
Title in English
Prostaglandin E2 via EP4/IL-1R inhibits Th17 cell differentiation during the efferocytosis of infected cells
Keywords in English
Efferocytosis
EP4
IL-1β receptor
Prostaglandin E2
Th17
Abstract in English
Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells promotes the synthesis of mediators such as transforming growth factor (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), which are important for the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg). However, phagocytosis of infected apoptotic cells by dendritic cells results in the synthesis of cytokines such as TGF-Beta;, IL-6 and IL-23 known to promote T helper 17 cell (Th17) differentiation. Preliminary results obtained by our group showed that, along with these cytokines, PGE2 is also produced during efferocytosis of infected cells. However, nothing was known regarding the involvement of this prostanoid on Th17 differentiation process. Thus, our hypothesis was based on the study of intracellular signaling mechanism by which PGE2, via E prostanoid receptor (EP), could be involved in the differentiation of Th17 cells in the context of efferocytosis. Our results show that, besides TGF-β and IL-6 production, phagocytosis of Escherichia coli-infected apoptotic cells by dendritic cells induces the synthesis of high levels of PGE2 and IL-1β, as previously described as Th17 inducers. However, unlike our original hypothesis, the presence of PGE2 inhibited the differentiation of Th17 cells, while the absence of this prostanoid resulted in increased percentage and number of this phenotype. Naive CD4+ T cells treated with EP2/EP4 agonists and antagonists demonstrated that the suppressive effect of PGE2 is primarily mediated by the EP4 receptor, via activation of cAMP and PKA. Furthermore, PGE2-EP4 negatively modulates the expression of IL-1β receptor (IL-1R), impairing Th17 differentiation. Also, in vivo, during Citrobacter rodentium infection, inhibition of PGE2 synthesis or EP4 receptor blockade resulted in increased population of Th17 cells and greater expression of antimicrobial peptides in colon, as well as a drastic reduction in bacterial load. Finally, all these data demonstrate that PGE2, via EP4-PKA-IL-1R, suppresses Th17 differentiation in vitro and in vivo, and reveals a novel mechanism in the modulation of adaptive immune response of Th17 cells promoted by PGE2 in the context of efferocytosis.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-04-08
 
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