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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.17.2016.tde-28072016-092219
Document
Author
Full name
Tatiane Mendes Gonçalves de Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Ribeirão Preto, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Carrara, Helio Humberto Angotti (President)
Murta, Eddie Fernando Candido
Melo, Ana Lúcia Kefalás Oliveira
Muglia, Valdair Francisco
Reis, Francisco José Cândido dos
Title in Portuguese
Associação entre os valores do coeficiente de difusão aparente nas imagens de ressonância magnética ponderadas em difusão e marcadores prognósticos e de células tronco tumorais no câncer de mama em pacientes que realizaram quimioterapia neoadjuvante
Keywords in Portuguese
Câncer de mama
Célula tronco tumoral
Coeficiente de difusão aparente
Difusão em Ressonância Magnética
Fatores Prognósticos
Quimioterapia neoadjuvante
Abstract in Portuguese
As imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) ponderadas em Difusão são conhecidas como uma técnica funcional capaz de refletir alterações estruturais e celulares de neoplasias. No câncer de mama, a difusão e sua quantificação através dos valores do coeficiente de difusão aparente (CDA) têm sido utilizados para avaliar resposta tumoral após quimioterapia neoadjuvante (QTN). Os variados desfechos clínicos do câncer de mama, incluindo as diferentes respostas ao tratamento quimioterápico podem estar relacionados à heterogeneidade da doença. A presença das células tronco tumorais (CTT) é uma das hipóteses aceitas para explicar os diferentes comportamentos biológicos dos tumores. Este estudo buscou avaliar uma possível associação entre os valores de CDA nas neoplasias invasivas da mama e a presença de marcadores de CTT e os principais marcadores prognósticos da doença em pacientes tratadas com QTN. Foram avaliadas prospectiva e consecutivamente as imagens de RM pré-tratamento de 27 pacientes com câncer da mama que realizaram QTN seguida de cirurgia. Os valores de CDA média, p10, p25 e p50 foram obtidos através de duas mensurações, uma com único ROI e outra com múltiplos ROIs envolvendo toda extensão tumoral. Esses valores de CDA foram correlacionados: à quantificação por citometria de fluxo de CTT com fenótipos ESA+/CD44+/CD24-, células ESA+ com alta atividade ALDH1 e células ESA+/ABCG2+, à capacidade de formação de mamoesferas, e aos principais fatores prognósticos do câncer de mama, incluindo estágio clínico, doença axilar linfonodal, grau tumoral, receptores de estrógeno (RE), receptores de progesterona (RP) e superexpressão do HER2. Também foi realizada correlação dos valores de CDA com a resposta patológica completa após QTN. A presença de CTT, a capacidade de formação de mamoesferas e a resposta patológica completa não se correlacionaram aos valores de CDA. Para ambas as medidas e todos os parâmetros avaliados de CDA (x10-3mm2/s), os valores foram significantemente menores nos tumores com estágio clínico III e IV vs II (0,90±0,16; 1,02±0,18); com doença linfonodal após QTN vs axila livre (0,89±0,16; 1,01±0,17); RE+ vs RE- (0,90±0,16; 1,00±0,18); RP+ vs RP- (0,91±0,16; 0,98±0,18) e HER2+ vs HER2- (0,92±0,17;0,97±0,18). Tumores grau 1 apresentaram CDA com valores significativamente maiores em relação aos tumores grau 2 (diferença 0,18; CI: 0,03-0,33, p=0,02). Os valores de CDA dos tumores de mama pré-QTN não predizem a presença de CTT, a capacidade de formação de mamoesferas ou a resposta patológica completa, porém se correlacionam com o estágio clínico da doença, doença linfonodal axilar após QTN, grau tumoral e expressão das proteínas RE, RP e HER2, sendo um promissor marcador de agressividade tumoral
Title in English
Correlation among the values of apparent diffusion coefficient provided by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the cancer stem cells markers and the major prognostic factors in patients with invasive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Keywords in English
Apparent diffusion coefficient
Breast cancer
Cancer Stem Cell
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Prognostic factors
Abstract in English
The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWMRI) is a functional technique able to reflect structural and cellular changes in the tumors. In the breast cancer, the diffusion-weighted images and its numeric value known as the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) has been applied to evaluate pathologic response in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). The difference in the clinical results after breast cancer treatment, including different rates of responses to the NC has been associated to the heterogeneity of the disease. The presence of the breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) is an accepted hypothesis to explain the different biologic breast cancers behaviors. The aim of this study was to correlate the ADC value of invasive breast cancer with the presence of cancer stem cells markers and the major prognostic factors in patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Prospectively, the MRI pre-treatment of twenty-seven consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer posteriorly treated with NC followed by surgery were evaluated. The ADC values mean, 10th percentile, 25th percentile, 50th percentile were obtained from two measurements, one of them with a unique ROI and the other with multiple ROIs encompassing the entire lesion. The ADC values were correlated to: presence of BCSCs (cell surface markers CD44+/CD24-, ABCG2 and ALDH1) identified by flow cytometric analysis, tumor grade, breast cancer staging, lymph nodal involvement, expression of estrogen receptors (ER), expression of progesterone receptors (PR) and expression of HER2. The assay mammospheres (Mammocult ®) were analyzed in 18 samples. Additionally, the ADC values were correlated to the pathologic complete response after QN treatment. There were no correlations between ADC values and breast cancer stem cells markers or mammospheres formation efficiency. For all parameters calculated, the ADC values (x10- 3 mm 2 /s) were lower in: breast cancer stage III and IV than stage II (0,90±0,16; 1,02±0,18), tumors with lymph node metastasis than without lymph node metastasis (0,89±0,16; 1,01±0,17), ER expression than ER negative (0,90±0,16; 1,00±0,18), PR expression than PR 10 negative (0,91±0,16; 0,98±0,18) and HER2 expression than HER2 negative (0,92±0,17; 0,97±0,18). The ADC values were significantly higher in grade-1 tumors (difference 0,18; CI: 0,03-0,33) compared to grade-2 tumors (p=0,02). The tumors values of ADC pretreatment were not correlated to the pathologic complete response after NC. The ADC values in pre-treatment invasive breast cancers are not a predictor of BCSC presence, mammospheres formation efficiency or pathologic complete response to QN. However it is correlated to the tumor grade, breast cancer staging, lymph nodal involvement, expression of ER, PR and HER2 and may represent a promising marker of tumor aggressiveness
 
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Publishing Date
2016-11-18
 
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